Kajian Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah Domestik Di Indonesia

Bakkara, Cathrine Gabriela (2022) Kajian Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah Domestik Di Indonesia. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Air limbah domestik adalah air limbah yang berasal dari usaha dan/atau kegiatan pemukiman, rumah makan, perkantoran, perniagaan, apartemen, dan asrama. Idealnya air limbah tersebut harus diolah sebelum dibuang ke badan air agar memenuhi baku mutu yang telah ditetapkan oleh pemerintah dalam Peraturan Mentri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Nomor 68 Tahun 2016. Namun, kenyataannya seringkali air limbah domestik tidak diolah terlebih dahulu karena belum diketahui teknologi pengolahan yang sesuai dengan karakteristik air limbah domestik yang dihasilkan sehingga badan air tercemar. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, dikumpulkan data kualitas air limbah domestik di berbagai kab/kota di Indonesia kemudian membaginya menjadi 3 (tiga) kategori kualitas air limbah domestik tercemar. Dari setiap kategori kadar pencemar air limbah domestik dapat di rekomendasikan jenis-jenis teknologi yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan dengan mempertimbangkan kemampuan terknologi untuk meremoval bahan pencemar di dalamnya. Selain itu, turut mempertimbangkan kebutuhan lahan, biaya investasi serta biaya operasionalnya. Dari 59 kab/kota di Indonesia, air limbah domestik dibagi menjadi air limbah domestik dengan kadar pencemar rendah, sedang dan tinggi. Air limbah domestik dengan kadar pencemar rendah memiliki rentang BOD 30-81 mg/L, COD 100-157 mg/L, TSS 30-45 mg/L, minyak dan lemak 5-7 mg/L, amonia 10-17 mg/L, total coliform 3000-11500 MPN/100mL. Air limbah domestik dengan kadar pencemar sedang memiliki rentang BOD 82-128 mg/L, COD 158-212 mg/L, TSS 46-123 mg/L, minyak dan lemak 8-11 mg/L, amonia 18-26 mg/L, total coliform 1501-14050 MPN/100mL. Air limbah domestik dengan kadar pencemar tinggi memiliki rentang BOD 129-178 mg/L, COD 213-314 mg/L, TSS 124-186 mg/L, minyak dan lemak 12- 18 mg/L, amonia 27-51 mg/L, total coliform 14051-88050 MPN/100mL. Berdasarkan rentang tersebut, air limbah domestik dengan kadar pencemar rendah direkomendasikan diolah dengan alternatif 1 dengan rangkaian bak pengumpul – barscreen– grease trap – bak ekualisasi – bak pengendap 1 – bak biofilter anaerob – bak biofilter aerob – bak pengendap 2 – bak klorinasi –bak effluent – sludge drying bed dan alternatif 3 dengan rangkaian bak pengumpul – barscreen – grease trap – bak ekualisasi – lumpur aktif – bak pengendap – bak klorinasi – bak effluent –sludge drying bed apabila lahan yang tersedia terbatas. Apabila lahan yang tersedia cukup luas direkomendasikan menggunakan alternatif 2 dengan rangkaian bak pengumpul – barscreen – bak kontrol – grease trap – bak pengendap 1 – RBC – bak pengendap 2 - bak klorinasi – Bak effluent – sludge drying bed untuk mendapatkan effluent total coliform yang lebih baik. Untuk air limbah domestik dengan kadar pencemar sedang direkomendasikan diolah dengan alternatif 1 jika lahan yang tersedia terbatas. Apabila lahan yang tersedia cukup luas dapat menggunakan alternatif 5 dengan rangkaian bak pengumpul – barscreen – grease trap – oxidation ditch – bak pengendap 2 – disinfeksi ultraviolet – bak effluent – sludge drying bed untuk mendapatkan
effluent total coliform yang lebih baik. Untuk air limbah domestik dengan kadar pencemar tinggi direkomendasikan dengan alternatif 1 jika lahan yang tersedia terbatas. Apabila lahan yang tersedia cukup luas dapat menggunakan alternatif 4 dengan rangkaian bak pengumpul –barscreen – grease trap - bak pengendap 1 – oxidation ditch – bak pengendap 2 – disinfeksi ultraviolet – bak effluent – sludge drying bed untuk mendapatkan effluent total coliform yang lebih baik.
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Domestic wastewater means the wastewater coming from residential or business activities, restaurants, offices, commerce, apartments, and dormitories. On ideal way, wastewater should be treated before being discharged to environment in order to fulfill the quality standards set by the government in Peraturan Mentri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Nomor 68 Tahun 2016. However, in reality, oftenly the domestic wastewater is not being treated first because the treatment technology which is not appropriate to the domestic wastewater characteristics makes water bodies are polluted. To overcome these problems, on this research has been collected the quality of domestic wastewater data from various districts/cities in Indonesia and then divided into 3 (three) of polluted domestic wastewater quality. From each category of pollutant levels of domestic wastewater, it is possible to recommend the types of technology suitsthe needs with considering the ability of technology to remove contaminants in it. Beside it, this result will make the consideration of land requirements, investment costs and operational costs. From 59 regencies/cities in Indonesia, domestic wastewater is divided into domestic wastewater with low, medium and high pollutant levels. Domestic wastewater with low pollutant content has a range of BOD 30-81 mg/L, COD 100-157 mg/L, TSS 30-45 mg/L, oil and grease 5-7 mg/L, ammonia 10-17 mg/L, total coliform 3000-11500 MPN/100mL. Domestic wastewater with medium pollutant content has a range of BOD 82-128 mg/L, COD 158-212 mg/L, TSS 46-123 mg/L, oil and grease 8-11 mg/L, ammonia 18-26 mg/L, total coliform 1501-
14050 MPN/100mL. Domestic wastewater with high pollutant content has a range of BOD 129-178 mg/L, COD 213-314 mg/L, TSS 124-186 mg/L, oil and grease 12-18 mg/L, ammonia 27-51 mg/L, total coliform 14051-88050 MPN/100mL. Based on this range, domestic wastewater with low pollutant levels is recommended to be treated with alternative 1 with a series of collection tank – barscreen – grease trap - equalization tank - sedimentation tank - anaerobic biofilter tank - aerob biofilter tank – clarifier – chlorine disinfection – effluent tank - sludge drying bed and alternative 3 with a series of collection tank – barscreen - grease trap -equalization tank – activated sludge – clarifier – chlorine disinfection – effluent tank - sludge drying bed if the available land is limited. If the available land is wide enough it is recommended to use alternative 2 with a series of collection tank – barscreen – control tank - grease trap -sedimentation tank – RBC – clarifier – chlorine disinfection – effluent tank - sludge drying bed in order to get a better total coliform effluent. For domestic wastewater with medium pollutant levels, it is recommended to be treated with alternative 1 if the available land is limited. If the available land is wide enough it is recommended to use alternative 5 with a series of collection tank – barscreen - grease trap – oxidation ditch - clarifier – UV disinfection – effluent tank - sludge drying bed in order to get a better total coliform effluent. For domestic wastewater with high pollutant levels, alternative 1 is recommended if the available land is limited. If the available land is wide enough, alternative 4 can be used with a series of collection tank – barscreen - grease trap – sedimentation tank - oxidation ditch - clarifier – UV disinfection – effluent tank - sludge drying bed in order to get a better total coliform effluent.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Additional Information:	RSL 628.362 Bak k-1 2022
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Air Limbah Domestik, Baku Mutu, Karakteristik, Pengolahan Air Limbah, Characteristics, Domestic Waste Water, Quality Standard, Waste Water Treatment
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD430 Water--Purification.
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Mr. Marsudiyana -
Date Deposited:	29 Nov 2024 04:13
Last Modified:	29 Nov 2024 04:13
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/115856

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