Analisis Pengaruh Temperatur Terhadap Persebaran Kadar Chromium Dan Pembentukan Chromium Carbide Pada Stainless Steel 316 Dengan Waktu Pemanasan Konstan

Sutanto, Leon (2022) Analisis Pengaruh Temperatur Terhadap Persebaran Kadar Chromium Dan Pembentukan Chromium Carbide Pada Stainless Steel 316 Dengan Waktu Pemanasan Konstan. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Stainless Steel 316 merupakan paduan besi dan karbon dengan tambahan beberapa unsur paduan untuk membuat logam tahan terhadap korosi, sehingga dapat diaplikasikan di pada pipa, storage tank, heat exchanger, dan cladding nuklir. Namun, pengoperasian pada temperatur tinggi dapat menimbulkan proses sensitisasi pada batas butir dan berpotensi menyebabkan korosi batas butir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh temperatur terhadap persebaran kadar kromium dan pembentukan karbida kromium pada batas butir stainless steel 316 dengan waktu yang konstan. Metode penelitian ini dilakukan dengan melakukan proses pemanasan pada stainless steel 316 dengan menggunakan variasi temperatur 400°C, 500°C, dan 600°C dengan waktu pemanasan konstan. Pengujian yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini adalah Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES), mikroskop optik, ScanningElectron Microscope (SEM), dan Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX). Setelah pengujian dilakukan, lalu didapatkan hasil bahwa dengan adanya eningkatan temperatur pemanasan menyebabkan terjadinya pembentukan karbida kromium dibatas butir dan persebaran kromium pada spesimen uji. Pada hasil metalografi, semakin tinggi temperatur maka ketebalan karbida yang terbentuk di batas butir akan semakin meningkat, dimana rata-rata ketebalan karbida terendah didapatkan sebesar 0,68457 µm pada spesimen 400°C 5 jam , rata-rata ketebalan karbida tertinggi sebesar 0,86048 µm pada spesimen 600oC 10 jam. Pada hasil persebaran kadar kromium pada batas butir, nilai kadar kromium terendah berada pada spesimen 500°C 10 jam sebesar 92,81% wtCr, sedangkan persebaran kromium tertinggi berada pada spesimen uji 600oC 10 jam dengan kadar kromium mencapai 96,45% wtCr. Dari pengujian yang telah dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembentukan karbida kromium, semakin tinggi temperatur, maka karbida kromium semakin mudah terbentuk dan ketebalan karbida mengalami peningkatan. Selain itu, adanya peningkatan temperatur menyebabkan persebaran kadar kromium dapt terjadi, namun persebaran kromium batas butir fluktuatif akibat stabilitas karbida kromium yang sudah terbentuk sebelum proses pemanasan pada furnace.
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316 Stainless Steel is an iron and carbon alloy with the addition of several alloy elements to make the metal resistant to corrosion, so it can might be applicated in many tools, such as pipes, storage tank, and heat exchanger in various kind of industries like oil and gas, petrochemical, etc. However, operation at high temperaturs can give rise to sensitization processes at grain boundaries and potentially cause intergranular corrosion. This study aims to study the influence of temperatur on the characteristics of the distribution of chromium levels in the area around the grain boundary with a constant time and the influence of temperatur on the formation of chromium carbide in 316 stainless steel grain boundary with a constant time. This research method was carried out by heat treatment on Stainless Steel 316 with temperaturvariations of 400°C, 500°C, and 600°C with a heating time of 5 and 10 hours. The tests used for this study are Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES), optical microsope, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX). After the experiment is carried out, the results are obtained that with an increase in heating temperatur could cause the formation of chromium carbide to the grain boundaries and chromium distribution in the test specimen. In metallographic results, the higher the temperatur, the thickness of the carbide formed at the grain boundary will increase, while the lowest average carbide thickness is numbered at 0.68457 μm in 400°C 5-hour specimens, whereas the highest average carbide thickness is 0.86048 μm in 600°C 10-hour specimens. In the results of the distribution of chromium content at the grain boundary, the lowest chromium content value is in the 500°C 10-hour specimen of 92.81% wtCr, while the highest chromium distribution value is in the 600°C 10-hour test specimen with chromium content reaching 96.45% wtCr. It can be concluded that the higher the temperatur, the easier chromium carbide to form and the thicness of the grain boundary increases. In addition, an increase in temperatur make the distribution of chromium content occur. However, the distribution of chromium in grain boundary fluctuates due to the stability of chromium carbide that has been formed before the heating process in the furnace

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Additional Information:	RSMt 672.37 Sut a-1 2022
Uncontrolled Keywords:	karbida kromium, korosi batas butir, persebaran kromium, sensitisasi, stainless steel 316, chromium carbide, chromium distribution, intergranular corrosion, sensitization
Subjects:	T Technology > TS Manufactures > TS320 Steel--Metallurgy.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology > Material & Metallurgical Engineering > 28201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Mr. Marsudiyana -
Date Deposited:	17 Dec 2024 05:51
Last Modified:	17 Dec 2024 05:51
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/115997

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