La'ali, Anisah Zahira (2025) Kajian Pemanfaatan Produk Pirolisis Sampah Plastik Sebagai Bahan Bakar Alternatif PLTU 8 Suralaya. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Sumber utama sampah plastik berasal dari kemasan makanan dan minuman, kemasan consumer goods, kantong belanja, serta pembungkus barang lainnya. PLTU Suralaya berada di Kota Cilegon yang menghasilkan sampah 101.772,80 (ton/tahun) dengan komposisi sampah plastik 17,45%. Salah satu pengolahan sampah plastik dapat menggunakan metode pirolisis. Pirolisis adalah dekomposisi bahan oleh temperatur. Proses pirolisis dimulai pada suhu tinggi dan tanpa oksigen. Pirolisis memiliki keuntungan konsumsi energi yang rendah, proses tidak membutuhkan udara atau campuran hidrogen, tidak memerlukan tekanan. Kajian ini dianalisis melalui 3 aspek (Operasional, Lingkungan, dan Finansial). Aspek operasional dapat dilihat untuk mengetahui jumlah, jenis, dan waktu sampah plastik yang akan diolah dengan metode pirolisis, tanpa adanya plastik PVC yang dapat menyebabkan korosif yang dibentuk dalam bentuk flowchart, serta hasil uji laboratorium terkait produk pirolisis PLTU 8 Suralaya. Aspek lingkungan dapat dilihat dari regulasi yang digunakan oleh PLTU 8 Suralaya dengan Indonesia terhadap standar lingkungan yang harus dipatuhi, dengan keterkaitan terhadap peraturan tentang batas emisi, dan mencantumkan data laboratorium hasil uji emisi metode pirolisis PLTU 8 Suralaya. Aspek finansial dapat dilihat dari data sebelum dan sesudah metode pirolisis pada PLTU 8 Suralaya berupa peningkatan efisiensi energi dan penghematan biaya bahan bakar. Apakah terjadi penghematan biaya atau semakin melonjak. Selanjutnya, menggunakan skala likert yang diolah dengan IBM SPSS melalui uji validitas, reliabilitas, dan korelasi Spearman rank untuk menentukan aspek yang paling berperan dalam metode pirolisis serta memberikan rekomendasi efektivitasnya kepada perusahaan.
Penerapan metode pirolisis di PLTU 8 Suralaya terbukti efektif dalam mengolah sampah plastik tidak layak pakai jenis HDPE, LDPE, dan PP dengan kapasitas 50–100 kg/hari atau sekitar 1.800 kg/bulan. Meskipun perusahaan belum memiliki logbook. Metode pirolisis menghasilkan minyak dengan flash point 35°C dan nilai kalor tinggi yang berpotensi sebagai bahan bakar alternatif. Pemantauan kualitas udara menunjukkan bahwa emisi gas buang seperti SO₂, CO, dan NO₂, tetap stabil dan jauh di bawah baku mutu. Secara finansial, metode ini memberikan keuntungan signifikan dengan penghematan energi (BBM + listrik) sebesar Rp4.712.774,4/bulan. Metode pirolisis efektif di PLTU 8 Suralaya, ditunjukkan oleh korelasi sangat kuat antara aspek lingkungan dan finansial dengan sig = 0,000 dan koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,887. Hal tersebut membuktikan bahwa investasi teknologi ramah lingkungan dapat mengurangi emisi dan meningkatkan efisiensi biaya secara berkelanjutan.
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The main source of plastic waste comes from food and beverage packaging, consumer goods packaging, shopping bags, and other product packaging. Suralaya PLTU is located in Cilegon City which produces 101.772,80 (tons/year) of waste with a plastic waste composition of 17,45%. One of the plastic waste processing methods can use the pyrolysis method. Pyrolysis is the decomposition of materials by temperature. The pyrolysis process begins at high temperatures and without oxygen. Pyrolysis has the advantage of low energy consumption, the process does not require air or hydrogen mixture, and does not require pressure. This study was analyzed through 3 aspects (Operational, Environmental, and Financial). Operational aspects can be seen to determine the amount, type, and time of plastic waste to be processed using the pyrolysis method, without the presence of PVC plastic that can cause corrosion which is formed in the form of a flowchart, as well as laboratory test results related to the pyrolysis product of Suralaya PLTU 8. The environmental aspect can be seen from the regulations used by PLTU 8 Suralaya with Indonesia regarding environmental standards that must be complied with, with a link to regulations on emission limits, and includes laboratory data on the results of emission tests for the PLTU 8 Suralaya pyrolysis method. The financial aspect can be seen from the data before and after the pyrolysis method at PLTU 8 Suralaya in the form of increased energy efficiency and fuel cost savings. Are there cost savings or are they increasing. Furthermore, using a Likert scale processed with IBM SPSS through validity, reliability, and Spearman rank correlation tests to determine the aspects that play the most role in the pyrolysis method and provide recommendations for its effectiveness to the company.
The application of the pyrolysis method at PLTU 8 Suralaya has proven effective in
processing HDPE, LDPE, and PP unusable plastic waste with a capacity of 50-100 kg/day or
around 1.800 kg/month. Although the company does not yet have a logbook. The pyrolysis
method produces oil with a flash point of 35°C and high calorific value that has potential as an alternative fuel. Air quality monitoring shows that exhaust emissions such as SO₂, CO, and NO₂, remain stable and well below quality standards. Financially, this method provides significant benefits with energy savings (fuel + electricity) of Rp4.712.774,4/month. The pyrolysis method is effective in PLTU 8 Suralaya, indicated by a very strong correlation between environmental and financial aspects with sig = 0,000 and a correlation coefficient of 0,887. This proves that investment in environmentally friendly technology can reduce emissions and increase cost efficiency in a sustainable manner.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Analisis 3 aspek (Operasional, Lingkungan, dan Finansial), IBM SPSS, Pirolisis, Sampah Plastik, Skala Likert =========================================================================================================================== 3 aspect analysis (Operational, Environmental, Financial), IBM SPSS, Likert Scale, Plastic Waste, Pyrolysis |
| Subjects: | H Social Sciences > HF Commerce > HF5686 Fuel T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD899.S68 Steam power plants |
| Divisions: | Interdisciplinary School of Management and Technology (SIMT) > 61101-Master of Technology Management (MMT) |
| Depositing User: | Anisah Zahira La'ali |
| Date Deposited: | 13 Jul 2025 08:07 |
| Last Modified: | 13 Jul 2025 08:07 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/119536 |
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