Pengaruh Penambahan Biji Kelor (Moringa oleifera) Pada Proses Pengkondisian Lumpur Mengandung Aluminium Sulfat dan Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC)

Anggraeni, Ani (2025) Pengaruh Penambahan Biji Kelor (Moringa oleifera) Pada Proses Pengkondisian Lumpur Mengandung Aluminium Sulfat dan Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh penambahan biji kelor (Moringa oleifera), mengkarakterisasi senyawa aktif biji kelor, dan menentukan dosis optimal biji kelor dalam proses pengkondisian lumpur yang mengandung Aluminium Sulfat (alum) dan Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC) guna meningkatkan efisiensi dewatering. Penggunaan bahan kimia seperti alum dan PAC telah terbukti efektif, namun memiliki keterbatasan berupa biaya tinggi serta potensi dampak lingkungan sehingga diperlukan alternatif bahan alami yang lebih ramah lingkungan. Biji kelor mengandung protein bermuatan positif yang efektif dalam proses flokulasi partikel tersuspensi melalui mekanisme netralisasi muatan, bridging flocculation, dan adsorpsi fisik. Penelitian ini menggunakan variasi jenis lumpur, yaitu alumunium sulfat dan Poly Aluminium Chloride serta bentuk biji kelor (serbuk dan ekstrak) dengan variasi dosis 100, 250, 500, 750, 1000, 2500, dan 5000 mg/L. Parameter uji meliputi kekeruhan, Total Solids (TS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Sludge Volume Index (SVI), Specific Resistance to Filtration (SRF), serta zeta potensial. Uji Scanning Electron Microscopy Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), and Particle Size Distribution (PSD) digunakan sebagai analisis tambahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan biji kelor mampu meningkatkan removal kekeruhan hingga 88,26%, menurunkan nilai SVI hingga 4,21%, meningkatkan TS dari 0,4% menjadi 28,2%, serta menurunkan TSS dari 200 mg/L menjadi 50 mg/L jika dibandingkan dengan lumpur tanpa penambahan biji kelor. Penambahan serbuk biji kelor juga menurunkan nilai SRF menjadi 0,019 m/kg untuk lumpur alum dan 0,029 m/kg untuk lumpur PAC, serta menurunkan zeta potensial menjadi -13,90 ± 0,41 mV dan -3,05 ± 0,25 mV yang menunjukkan terbentuknya flok yang lebih besar, padat, dan kompak. Hasil analisis SEM-EDX menunjukkan karakteristik flok lumpur setelah penambahan biji kelor menjadi lebih besar dan rapat, sementara hasil FTIR mengonfirmasi keterlibatan gugus fungsional aktif seperti amina, hidroksil, alifatik, dan alkena dalam proses pengkondisian lumpur. Dosis optimal serbuk biji kelor diperoleh pada lumpur mengandung alum sebesar 100 mg/L dan lumpur PAC sebesar 250 mg/L.
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This study aims to determine the effect of Moringa oleifera seed addition, characterize the active compounds of moringa seeds, and identify the optimal dosage of moringa seeds in the sludge conditioning process containing Aluminium Sulfate (alum) and Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC) to improve dewatering efficiency. The use of chemical coagulants such as alum and PAC has proven effective but is limited by high costs and potential environmental impacts, thus necessitating alternative natural materials that are more environmentally friendly. Moringa seeds contain positively charged proteins that are effective in flocculating suspended particles through mechanisms such as charge neutralization, bridging flocculation, and physical adsorption. This study utilized variations in sludge types, namely aluminium sulfate (alum) and Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC), as well as forms of Moringa seeds (powder and extract) with dosage variations of 100, 250, 500, 750, 1000, 2500, and 5000 mg/L. The tested parameters included turbidity, Total Solids (TS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Sludge Volume Index (SVI), Specific Resistance to Filtration (SRF), and zeta potential. Scanning Electron Microscopy Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and Particle Size Distribution (PSD) analyses were conducted as additional characterizations. The results showed that the addition of Moringa seeds was able to increase turbidity removal up to 88.26%, reduce SVI values by up to 4.21%, increase TS from 0.4% to 28.2%, and reduce TSS from 200 mg/L to 50 mg/L compared to sludge without Moringa seed addition. The addition of Moringa seed powder also reduced SRF values to 0.019 m/kg for alum sludge and 0.029 m/kg for PAC sludge, as well as decreased zeta potential to -13.90 ± 0.41 mV and -3.05 ± 0.25 mV, indicating the formation of larger, denser, and more compact flocs. SEM-EDX analysis showed that the sludge flocs became larger and more compact after Moringa seed addition, while FTIR analysis confirmed the involvement of active functional groups such as amine, hydroxyl, aliphatic, and alkene in the sludge conditioning process. The optimal dosage of Moringa seed powder was found to be 100 mg/L for alum sludge and 250 mg/L for PAC sludge.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Aluminium Sulfat (alum), biji kelor, efisiensi dewatering, pengkondisian lumpur, Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC), Aluminium sulfate, dewatering efficiency, moringa oleifera seed, Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC), sludge conditioning
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD433 Water treatment plants T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD767.7 Sewage sludge treatment and disposal
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Ani Anggraeni
Date Deposited:	22 Jul 2025 03:42
Last Modified:	22 Jul 2025 03:42
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/120432

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