Rachma, Dina Kartika Audya (2025) Arahan Pengembangan Desa Ekowisata Berbasis PEL (Pengembangan Ekonomi Lokal) di Desa Sidorukun, Kecamatan Gresik, Kabupaten Gresik. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Berdasarkan RPJM Desa Sidorukun Tahun 2023-2028, Desa Sidorukun merupakan salah satu wilayah yang diarahkan sebagai Desa Ekowisata dengan potensi ekowisata mangrove dan petik jamur. Namun, terdapat permasalahan dalam pengembangannya, yaitu rendahnya kapasitas dan partisipasi masyarakat, ancaman pencemaran lingkungan akibat limbah industri, serta minimnya sarana dan prasana penunjang ekowisata. Permasalahan tersebut juga diperparah oleh lemahnya kolaborasi antar stakeholder, baik pemerintah, swasta, masyarakat, media massa, maupun institusi pendidikan. Adapun pengembangan Desa Ekowisata juga belum memberikan manfaat ekonomi secara signifikan bagi masyarakat. Hal ini tercermin dari masih tingginya angka pengangguran, yaitu sebesar 24,59% dari total penduduk Desa Sidorukun, serta terjadi peningkatan jumlah penduduk miskin sebesar 1% setelah adanya amanah pengembangan Desa Sidorukun sebagai Desa Ekowisata pada tahun 2023. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan arahan pengembangan Desa Ekowisata berbasis PEL (Pengembangan Ekonomi Lokal) yang mengedepankan prinsip kolaboratif, kemandirian ekonomi, pemberdayaan, dan keberlanjutan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan secara primer melalui observasi, indepth interview, dan kuesioner, maupun sekunder melalui literatur and policy riview. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu analisis delphi pada sasaran 1 untuk mengidentifikasi variabel, content analysis pada sasaran 2 untuk mengidentifikasi potensi dan masalah setiap sub variabel, serta jalinan kolaborasi antar stakeholder, analisis rapfish pada sasaran 3 untuk menilai variabel dan sub variabel yang mempengaruhi keberlanjutan pengembangan Desa Ekowisata berbasis PEL. Untuk merumuskan arahan digunakan metode analisis deskriptif kualitatif dengan mempertimbangkan hasil sasaran 2 dan 3, serta studi literatur, teori, atau kebijakan terkait. Hasil sasaran 1 teridentifikasi 5 variabel dengan total 33 sub variabel yang berpengaruh penting terhadap pengembangan Desa Ekowisata berbasis PEL. Selanjutnya sasaran 2 menunjukkan bahwa terdapat berbagai potensi pada variabel ekonomi, infrastruktur, lingkungan, kelembagaan, dan daya tarik wisata, namun pengembangannya masih menghadapi berbagai masalah seperti belum meratanya manfaat ekonomi, keterbatasan akses dan sarana, minimnya kolaborasi antar pihak, serta kurangnya edukasi dan promosi wisata. Adapun sasaran 3 menunjukkan bahwa status pengembangan Desa Ekowisata berbasis PEL dalam kategori buruk serta seluruh variabel belum mencapai kategori sangat berkelanjutan. Sehingga seluruh variabel menjadi fokus dalam rumusan arahan pengembangan dengan mengutamakan sub variabel yang memiliki nilai leverage tinggi dan mean kondisi paling buruk. Dengan demikian, didapatkan 5 rumusan arahan pengembangan, yaitu arahan peningkatan ekonomi, arahan optimalisasi daya tarik wisata, arahan penguatan kelembagaan, arahan peningkatan infrastruktur, serta arahan konservasi lingkungan. Dalam mewujudkan seluruh arahan tersebut dibutuhkan keterlibatan dan kolaborasi antar pihak pada setiap kegiatan, khususnya peran pemerintah, swasta, masyarakat, media massa, dan institusi pendidikan.
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Based on the 2023-2028 Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJM) for Sidorukun Village, Sidorukun Village is one of the areas designated as an ecotourism village with potential for mangrove ecotourism and mushroom picking. However, there are challenges in its development, including low community capacity and participation, environmental pollution threats from industrial waste, and insufficient infrastructure and facilities supporting ecotourism. These issues are further exacerbated by weak collaboration among stakeholders, including the government, private sector, community, media, and educational institutions. Furthermore, the development of the Eco-Tourism Village has not yet provided significant economic benefits for the community. This is reflected in the still high unemployment rate, which stands at 24.59% of the total population of Sidorukun Village, and an increase in the number of poor people by 1% following the designation of Sidorukun Village as an Eco-Tourism Village in 2023. This study aims to formulate guidelines for the development of an Eco-Tourism Village based on Local Economic Development (LED) that prioritizes collaborative principles, economic independence, empowerment, and sustainability. Data collection was conducted primarily through observation, in-depth interviews, and questionnaires, as well as secondarily through literature and policy reviews. The research methods used include Delphi analysis for Objective 1 to identify variables, content analysis for Objective 2 to identify the potential and issues of each sub-variable, as well as the collaborative relationships among stakeholders, and Rapfish analysis for Objective 3 to assess the variables and sub-variables influencing the sustainability of PEL-based Eco-Tourism Village development. To formulate guidelines, a qualitative descriptive analysis method was used, considering the results of Objectives 2 and 3, as well as literature studies, theories, or related policies. The results of Objective 1 identified 5 variables with a total of 33 sub-variables that significantly influence the development of PEL-based Eco-Tourism Villages. Furthermore, objective 2 shows that there are various potentials in the economic, infrastructure, environmental, institutional, and tourist attraction variables, but their development still faces various problems such as uneven economic benefits, limited access and facilities, minimal collaboration between parties, and a lack of education and tourism promotion. Objective 3 indicates that the development status of PEL-based ecotourism villages is categorized as poor, and none of the variables have reached the highly sustainable category. Therefore, all variables are the focus of the development guidelines, prioritizing sub-variables with high leverage values and the worst mean conditions. Thus, five development guidelines were formulated, namely economic improvement, optimization of tourist attractions, institutional strengthening, infrastructure improvement, and environmental conservation. To realize all these guidelines, the involvement and collaboration of all parties in every activity is required, especially the role of the government, private sector, community, mass media, and educational institutions.
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