Aulia, Rafika Frida (2025) Monitoring Kualitas Defect Pengelasan Bogie Frame TB 1014 Kereta Penumpang PT INKA (Persero) Menggunakan Diagram Kendali Demerit dan Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Kualitas produk merupakan faktor krusial dalam menjaga daya saing dan keberlanjutan industri manufaktur, terutama di sektor perkeretaapian yang membutuhkan tingkat presisi tinggi pada komponen struktural. PT INKA (Persero), sebagai produsen kereta api terbesar di Asia Tenggara, memproduksi bogie frame TB 1014 sebagai komponen utama penopang roda kereta penumpang. Salah satu tantangan utama dalam proses produksinya adalah menjaga kualitas pengelasan, mengingat proses ini berpotensi menghasilkan cacat las yang memengaruhi kekuatan produk. Mendeteksi cacat dengan inspeksi Visual Testing digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi berbagai jenis cacat las tanpa merusak material. Namun, monitoring kualitas tersebut masih menunjukkan adanya kesamaran dalam memastikan apakah proses pengelasan berada dalam kondisi yang terkendali sehingga diperlukan pendekatan monitoring berbasis statistik. Statistical Quality Control merupakan metode monitoring kualitas yang efektif untuk menilai kestabilan pengelasan. Pendekatan yang diusulkan adalah penggunaan diagram kendali demerit, yaitu alat statistik yang menilai kualitas berdasarkan penjumlahan berbobot dari jenis dan tingkat cacat. Pembobotan dilakukan menggunakan metode AHP untuk menentukan prioritas cacat, serta dikombinasikan dengan bilangan fuzzy guna mengakomodasi ketidakpastian dalam penilaian para ahli. Kemudian, dilakukan monitoring kualitas menggunakan diagram kendali u, demerit, demerit berbasis AHP, dan demerit berbasis fuzzy AHP. Hasil perhitungan keempat diagram kendali tersebut menunjukkan overdispersi sehingga diperlukan analisis lanjutan dengan pendekatan yang lebih seimbang. Penerapan diagram Laney u, Laney demerit, Laney demerit berbasis AHP, dan Laney demerit berbasis fuzzy AHP telah mencapai kendali statistik pada fase 1 setelah diatasi karena adanya keberadaan titik observasi yang berada di luar batas kendali (out of control). Sementara, pada fase 2 masih menunjukkan tantangan dalam mendeteksi jumlah titik yang keluar dari kontrol tertinggi. Hal ini menandakan bahwa proses pengelasan bogie frame TB 1014 fase 2 tidak terkendali secara statistik. Selanjutnya, hasil analisis kapabilitas proses memperlihatkan bahwa nilai process performance berada di bawah angka 1, disimpulkan bahwa proses pengelasan tidak kapabel dan belum mampu menghasilkan output sesuai dengan spesifikasi kualitas secara konsisten.
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Product quality is a crucial factor in maintaining competitiveness and sustainability in the manufacturing industry, especially in the railway sector, which requires a high level of precision in structural components. PT INKA (Persero), as the largest train manufacturer in Southeast Asia, produces the TB 1014 bogie frame as a main component supporting the wheels of passenger trains. One of the main challenges in its production process is maintaining welding quality, as this process has the potential to generate welding defects that affect the product's strength. To detect these defects, Visual Testing inspection is used to identify various types of welding flaws without damaging the material. However, quality monitoring still shows uncertainty in determining whether the welding process is under control, hence a statistically based monitoring approach is needed. Statistical Quality Control is an effective method to assess the stability of the welding process. The proposed approach is the use of a demerit control chart, a statistical tool that evaluates quality based on the weighted sum of types and levels of defects. The weighting is carried out using the AHP method to determine defect priorities and is combined with fuzzy numbers to accommodate uncertainty in expert assessments. Quality monitoring is then conducted using u-control charts, demerit charts, AHP-based demerit charts, and fuzzy AHP-based demerit charts. The calculation results of these four control charts show overdispersion, indicating the need for further analysis using a more balanced approach. The application of Laney u-chart, Laney demerit chart, Laney demerit chart based on AHP, and Laney demerit chart based on fuzzy AHP successfully achieved statistical control in phase 1 after addressing the presence of out-of-control observation points. However, in phase 2, challenges remain in detecting the highest number of points falling outside control limits. This indicates that the welding process of the TB 1014 bogie frame in phase 2 is not statistically in control. Furthermore, the results of the process capability analysis show that the process performance value is below 1, leading to the conclusion that the welding process is not capable and has not yet consistently produced outputs in accordance with quality specifications.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | AHP, Defect, Fuzzy Analytics, Laney Demerit, Pengelasan, AHP, Defect, Fuzzy Analytics, Laney Demerit, Welding |
| Subjects: | H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor > HD9980.5 Service industries--Quality control. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Statistics > 49201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Rafika Frida Aulia |
| Date Deposited: | 01 Aug 2025 01:38 |
| Last Modified: | 01 Aug 2025 01:38 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/125353 |
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