Kharisma, Nova (2025) Studi Beton Mutu Tinggi Tanpa Superplasticizer. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Berdasarkan data Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) penggunaan beton mutu tinggi di Indonesia mencapai 60% yang terbagi menjadi beberapa lingkup konstruksi yaitu konstruksi gedung, konstruksi khusus, dan konstruksi sipil. Hal ini beton mutu tinggi yang mencakup kekuatan, ketahanan (keawetan), masa layan, dan efisiensi sangat dibutuhkan dalam perencanaan fasilitas-fasilitas tersebut yang menyebabkan beberapa kasus elemen struktur khusus harus menggunakan beton mutu tinggi untuk memenuhi syarat desain. Beton mutu tinggi menurut SNI 03-6468-2000 didefinisikan sebagai beton yang memiliki kuat tekan lebih dari 41,4 MPa. Standar beton mutu tinggi di Indonesia sudah mengatur penggunaan beton tanpa superplasticizer, meskipun bahan tambahan ini sering digunakan untuk meningkatkan kemudahan pengerjaan beton (workability) dan performa beton. Superplasticizer tidak selalu tersedia di semua lokasi proyek, terutama di daerah terpencil. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan karena belum adanya penelitian secara khusus beton mutu tinggi tanpa superplasticizer sebagai campuran beton.
Penelitian ini berfokus pada pembuatan beton mutu tinggi tanpa superplasticizer dengan memperhatikan syarat material serta mengontrol kadar air melalui metode SSD (Saturated Surface Dry) agegrat dan penyesuaian gradasi agregat untuk optimasi workability dan kuat tekan pada campuran beton mutu tinggi. Penelitian ini menggunakan material semen portland tipe 1 jenis OPC (Ordinary Portland Cement) dan PCC (Portland Composite Cement), agregat kasar berasal dari Mojokerto, dan agregat halus dari pasir Lumajang. Hasil dari penelitian dilakukan pengujian slump untuk workability dan uji kuat tekan untuk mengetahui apakah kuat tekan beton telah memenuhi syarat beton mutu tinggi sebesar 41,4 MPa berdasarkan SNI 6468-2000.
Hasil dari penelitian ini didapatkan komposisi yang optimum pada trial HSC-7, trial HSC-8, trial HSC-9. Trial HSC-7 menggunakan komposisi “Pedoman Tata Cara Tentang Penentuan Campuran Beton Normal dengan Semen OPC, PPC, dan PCC” dengan fas 0,36 jenis semen OPC menghasilkan kuat tekan rata-rata 44,14 MPa pada umur 28 hari dan slump 30 mm memenuhi kategori beton mutu tinggi. Trial HSC-8 menggunakan komposisi mix design SNI-03-2834-2000 dengan fas 0,37 dan semen OPC menghasilkan kuat tekan rata-rata 48,43 MPa pada umur 28 hari dan slump 50 mm memenuhi kategori beton mutu tinggi. Trial HSC-9 menggunakan komposisi mix design SNI-03-2834-2000 dengan fas 0,37 dan semen PCC menghasilkan kuat tekan sebesar 42,53 MPa dengan slump 30 mm, membuktikan bahwa bahkan dengan semen PCC, beton mutu tinggi tetap dapat dicapai meski workability sedikit menurun karena sifat semen PCC yang lebih menyerap air.
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Based on data from the BPS Statistics Indonesia, the use of high strength concrete in Indonesia reaches 60%, which is divided into several construction areas, namely building construction, special construction, and civil construction. This high strength concrete which includes strength, durability, service life, and efficiency is very much needed in the planning of these facilities which causes several cases of special structural elements to use high strength concrete to meet design requirements. High strength concrete according to SNI 03-6468-2000 is defined as concrete that has a compressive strength of more than 41.4 MPa. High strength concrete standards in Indonesia have regulated the use of concrete without superplasticizers, although this additive is often used to improve the ease of concrete workability (workability) and concrete performance. Superplasticizers are not always available at all project locations, especially in remote areas. Therefore, this study was conducted because there has been no specific research on high strength concrete without superplasticizers as a concrete mixture.
This study focuses on the manufacture of high strenght concrete without superplasticizer by considering the material requirements and controlling the water content through the SSD (Saturated Surface Dry) aggregate method and adjusting the aggregate gradation to optimize workability and compressive strength in high strength concrete mixtures. This study uses portland cement type 1 OPC (Ordinary Portland Cement) and PCC (Portland Composite Cement) materials, coarse aggregates from Mojokerto, and fine aggregates from Lumajang sand. The results of the study were slump testing for workability and compressive strength testing to determine whether the compressive strength of the concrete met the requirements for high strength concrete of 41.4 MPa based on SNI 6468-2000.
The results of this study obtained the optimum composition in the HSC-7 trial, HSC-8 trial, and HSC-9 trial. Trial HSC-7 used the composition of “Guidelines for Procedures on Determining Normal Concrete Mixtures with OPC, PPC, and PCC Cement” with fas 0.36 OPC cement type produced an average compressive strength of 44.14 MPa at the age of 28 days and a slump of 30 mm meeting the high strength concrete category. Trial HSC-8 used the mix design composition of SNI-03-2834-2000 with fas 0.37 and OPC cement produced an average compressive strength of 48.43 MPa at the age of 28 days and a slump of 50 mm meeting the high quality concrete category. Trial HSC-9 used the mix design composition of SNI-03-2834-2000 with fas 0.37 and PCC cement produced a compressive strength of 42.53 MPa with a slump of 30 mm, proving that even with PCC cement, high strength concrete can still be achieved even though workability decreases slightly due to the nature of PCC cement which absorbs more water.
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