Analisis Waste Material Konstruksi Berbasis Building Information Modeling (BIM) Pada Proyek Gedung Bertingkat

Arung, Zeus Ghalang (2026) Analisis Waste Material Konstruksi Berbasis Building Information Modeling (BIM) Pada Proyek Gedung Bertingkat. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Waste material merupakan salah satu sumber inefisiensi pada proyek konstruksi karena dapat meningkatkan kebutuhan material dan biaya pelaksanaan proyek. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat persentase material sisa (waste level) beserta dampak biayanya (waste cost), mengidentifikasi faktor penyebab waste material, serta merumuskan rekomendasi pengendalian pada Proyek Pembangunan Gedung Perbankan ITS Surabaya. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan membandingkan dua pendekatan kuantifikasi, yaitu metode konvensional berbasis perhitungan as-built drawing dan metode Building Information Modeling (BIM) menggunakan perangkat lunak Cubicost Take-Off Architecture and Structure (TAS) serta Take-Off Reinforcement Bar (TRB). Melalui analisis Pareto, diidentifikasi tujuh material dominan yang berkontribusi terbesar terhadap biaya proyek, yaitu besi tulangan BJTS 16 mm, beton ready-mix K-250, bata merah, Homogenous tile polish (HT1), wiremesh M8, BJTS 10 mm, dan Homogenous tile unpolish (HT3). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa total waste cost berdasarkan metode konvensional mencapai Rp48.229.436,00, sedangkan metode BIM menghasilkan waste cost sebesar Rp61.702.007,00. Pada kedua metode, material BJTS 16 mm merupakan penyumbang waste cost tertinggi, yaitu sebesar Rp10.576.240,00 pada metode konvensional dan Rp12.933.133,00 pada metode BIM. Melalui analisis sebab-akibat menggunakan fishbone diagram berbasis pendekatan 6M (man, method, material, machine, management, dan mother nature/environment), akar penyebab tingginya waste tulangan baja ini dipicu oleh perubahan desain di tengah proyek (method), kelalaian tukang yang mengabaikan cutting plan (man), serta lemahnya pengawasan proses pemotongan dan inspeksi pembesian struktural (management). Sebagai langkah pengendalian, direkomendasikan strategi aplikatif melalui skema waste hierarchy yang berfokus pada reduksi (pelatihan tukang, pengetatan supervisi, dan akurasi estimasi volume), penggunaan kembali sisa tulangan layak pakai (reuse), serta penjualan material jika tidak dapat digunakan kembali selama proyek berjalan (salvage).
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Material waste serves as a primary source of inefficiency in construction projects as it increases both material consumption and project execution costs. This study aims to analyze the percentage of material waste (waste level) alongside its financial impact (waste cost), identify the causal factors behind the material waste, and formulate mitigation recommendations for the ITS Banking Building Construction Project in Surabaya. The evaluation was conducted by comparing two quantification approaches: the conventional method based on as-built drawing calculations and the Building Information Modeling (BIM) method using Cubicost Take-Off Architecture and Structure (TAS) and Take-Off Reinforcement Bar (TRB) software. Through a Pareto analysis, seven dominant materials contributing most significantly to the project costs were identified, namely BJTS 16 mm reinforcing steel bars, K-250 ready-mix concrete, red bricks, polish homogeneous tile (HT1), M8 wiremesh, BJTS 10 mm, and unpolish homogeneous tile (HT3). The analysis results indicate that the total waste cost based on the conventional method reached IDR 48.229.436,00, whereas the BIM method yielded a waste cost of IDR 61.702.007,00. In both methods, BJTS 16 mm reinforcing steel bars emerged as the highest contributor to the waste cost, amounting to IDR 10.576.240,00in the conventional method and IDR 12.933.133,00 in the BIM method. Through a root-cause analysis using a fishbone diagram based on the 6M (man, method, material, machine, management, dan mother nature/environment) approach, the primary causes of excessive reinforcing steel waste were found to be mid-project design changes (method), workers’ failure to comply with the cutting plan (man), and weak supervision during the cutting process alongside inadequate inspection of the structural reinforcement assembly (management). As a mitigation step, applicable strategies are recommended through a waste hierarchy scheme focusing on reduction (worker training, improved supervision, and increasing volume estimation accuracy), the reuse of eligible reinforcement scraps (reuse), and the sale of material that cannot be reused during project execution (salvage).

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Analisis Pareto, Building Information Modeling (BIM), Fishbone Diagram, Pareto Analysis, Waste Cost, Waste Level, Waste Material.
Subjects:	T Technology > TH Building construction > TH438 Construction industry--Management. Project management. T Technology > TH Building construction > TH438.13 Building information modeling. T Technology > TH Building construction > TH880 Sustainable buildings. Sustainable construction. Green building
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Civil Engineering > 22201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Zeus Ghalang Arung
Date Deposited:	27 Jul 2026 08:33
Last Modified:	27 Jul 2026 08:33
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/137900

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