Analisis Elastisitas Permintaan Dengan Moderasi Sentimen Perusahaan Sebagai Dasar Perumusan Strategi Pemasaran Produk Bbm Retail

Sustanto, Firdaus (2026) Analisis Elastisitas Permintaan Dengan Moderasi Sentimen Perusahaan Sebagai Dasar Perumusan Strategi Pemasaran Produk Bbm Retail. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Persaingan bisnis bahan bakar minyak (BBM) non-subsidi di DKI Jakarta semakin intensif seiring liberalisasi sektor hilir migas pasca-UU No. 22/2001, dengan kompetitor multinasional seperti Shell, BP-AKR, dan Vivo yang bersaing langsung dengan Pertamina. Model analisis konvensional yang hanya mempertimbangkan variabel ekonomi (harga dan pendapatan) terbukti tidak memadai untuk merespons dinamika pasar yang juga dipengaruhi persepsi publik dan sentimen media, sehingga menghasilkan strategi pemasaran yang tidak optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis elastisitas permintaan BBM non subsidi Pertamax dan menguji peran sentimen perusahaan Pertamina sebagai variabel moderasi terhadap hubungan antara variabel ekonomi dan volume permintaan di DKI Jakarta. Penelitian menggunakan data bulanan periode Oktober 2021 hingga Desember 2025 yang mencakup harga Pertamax, harga Shell Super, harga Pertamax Turbo, upah minimum regional sebagai proksi pendapatan, serta sentimen publik yang diperoleh dari analisis media massa. Metode yang digunakan adalah regresi berganda bentuk logaritma natural dengan pendekatan Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) melalui delapan variabel interaksi antara sentimen (S) dan variabel ekonomi utama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model mampu menjelaskan sekitar 58% variasi penjualan Pertamax. Dalam kondisi normal, ketika harga Pertamax naik 1%, penjualan hanya turun sekitar 0,94% artinya konsumen tidak terlalu peka terhadap kenaikan harga. Kenaikan harga Shell Super justru mendorong sebagian konsumen berpindah ke Pertamax, sementara kenaikan pendapatan mendorong peningkatankonsumsi Pertamax yang lebih besar secara proporsional. Ini menandakan Pertamax semakin
diminati seiring naiknya penghasilan masyarakat, layaknya produk premium. Sementara itu, perubahan harga Pertamax Turbo tidak terbukti memengaruhi permintaan Pertamax, yang
mencerminkan bahwa kedua produk memang melayani segmen konsumen yang berbeda dan tidak saling bersaing secara langsung. Temuan yang paling menonjol adalah bahwa sentimen negatif terhadap Pertamina terbukti mengubah perilaku konsumen secara signifikan. Ketika sentimen publik memburuk, kepekaan konsumen terhadap harga melonjak drastis dari 0,94% menjadi 4,94% untuk setiap kenaikan harga 1%, pola perpindahan konsumen ke Shell menjadi tidak menentu, konsumen yang tetap setia kepada Pertamina cenderung beralih ke Pertamax Turbo daripada pindah ke merek lain, dan kenaikan penghasilan tidak lagi serta-merta mendorong pembelian Pertamax seperti dalam kondisi normal. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa keputusan pembelian BBM tidak hanya ditentukan oleh faktor ekonomi, tetapi juga sangat dipengaruhi oleh persepsi dan kepercayaan konsumen terhadap perusahaan. Oleh karena itu, implikasi manajerial penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya pengelolaan reputasi dan komunikasi perusahaan sebagai prioritas utama, didukung oleh kebijakan harga yang lebih hati-hati, penguatan posisi dan nilaiproduk Pertamax, serta pemeliharaan kualitas layanan dan ketersediaan produk di SPBU agar permintaan tetap terjaga di tengah perubahan sentimen publik.
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The competition in the non-subsidized fuel market in DKI Jakarta has intensified following the liberalization of Indonesia’s downstream oil and gas sector after the enactment of Law No. 22 of 2001, with multinational competitors such as Shell, BP-AKR, and Vivo directly competing with Pertamina. Conventional analytical models that focus solely on economic variables, such as price
and income, are insufficient to explain market dynamics influenced by public perception and media sentiment, potentially leading to less effective marketing strategies. This study aims to analyze the demand elasticity of Pertamax and examine the moderating role of Pertamina’s corporate
sentiment on the relationship between economic factors and demand volume in DKI Jakarta. The study employs monthly data from October 2021 to December 2025, including Pertamax prices, Shell Super prices, Pertamax Turbo prices, the Jakarta Regional Minimum Wage as a proxy for income, and public sentiment derived from mass media analysis. The analysis is conducted using a natural logarithmic multiple regression model with the Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) approach involving eight interaction variables between sentiment and key economic variables. The results indicate that the model explains approximately 58% of the variation in Pertamax sales. Under normal conditions, a 1% increase in the price of Pertamax reduces demand by only about 0.94%, indicating relatively low price sensitivity among consumers. An increase in the price of Shell Super encourages some consumers to switch to Pertamax, while higher income leads to a proportionally larger increase in Pertamax consumption, suggesting that Pertamax behaves as a premium product. In contrast, changes in the price of Pertamax Turbo do not significantly affect Pertamax demand, indicating that the two products serve different market segments and do not directly compete with each other. The most notable finding is that negative sentiment toward Pertamina significantly alters consumer behavior. When public sentiment deteriorates, consumer price sensitivity increases sharply from 0.94% to 4.94% for every 1% increase in the price of
Pertamax, switching behavior toward Shell becomes less predictable, loyal Pertamina consumers tend to switch to Pertamax Turbo rather than to competing brands, and income growth no longer stimulates Pertamax demand as strongly as under normal conditions. These findings demonstrate that fuel purchasing decisions are influenced not only by economic factors but also by consumer perceptions and trust in the company. Therefore, the managerial implications of this study highlight the importance of reputation management and corporate communication as strategic priorities, supported by prudent pricing policies, strengthening the value proposition and positioning of Pertamax, and maintaining service quality and product availability at fuel stations to sustain demand amid fluctuations in public sentiment.

Item Type: Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords: Elastisitas Permintaan, Sentimen Perusahaan, Analisis Regresi Moderasi (MRA), Bauran Pemasaran (4P), BBM Non-Subsidi, Demand Elasticity, Corporate Sentiment, Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA), Marketing Mix (4P), Non-Subsidized Fuel
Subjects: H Social Sciences > HA Statistics > HA31.3 Regression. Correlation. Logistic regression analysis.
H Social Sciences > HA Statistics > HA31.7 Estimation
H Social Sciences > HB Economic Theory > HB801 Consumer behavior.
H Social Sciences > HB Economic Theory > Economic forecasting--Mathematical models.
H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor > HD28 Management. Industrial Management
H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor > HD30.23 Decision making. Business requirements analysis.
H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor > HD30.27 Business forecasting
H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor > HD30.28 Planning. Business planning. Strategic planning.
H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor > HD31 Management--Evaluation
H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor > HD38.5 Business logistics--Cost effectiveness. Supply chain management. ERP
H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor > HD47 Costs
H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor > HD56.25 Industrial efficiency--Measurement. Industrial productivity--Measurement.
T Technology > T Technology (General) > T58.6 Management information systems
Divisions: Interdisciplinary School of Management and Technology (SIMT) > 61101-Master of Technology Management (MMT)
Depositing User: Firdaus Sustanto
Date Deposited: 28 Jul 2026 03:07
Last Modified: 28 Jul 2026 03:07
URI: http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/138419

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