Desain Pabrik Minyak Atsiri Dari Jahe Menggunakan Metode Ekstraksi Karbon Dioksida Superkritis

Setyono, Amaliasari Nur and Hakim, Muhammad Farras (2026) Desain Pabrik Minyak Atsiri Dari Jahe Menggunakan Metode Ekstraksi Karbon Dioksida Superkritis. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Minyak atsiri jahe (ginger essential oil) merupakan salah satu produk turunan rempah bernilai tinggi yang memiliki prospek pasar yang terus meningkat seiring berkembangnya industri pangan, farmasi, kosmetik, dan aromaterapi berbasis bahan alami. Indonesia sebagai salah satu produsen jahe utama di Asia memiliki potensi besar dalam pengembangan industri hilir minyak atsiri untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah komoditas jahe dan memperkuat daya saing ekspor. Pada perancangan ini digunakan bahan baku jahe gajah (Zingiber officinale var. officinale) dengan metode ekstraksi karbon dioksida superkritis (Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction) yang dipilih berdasarkan analisis Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) karena memiliki rendemen lebih tinggi, waktu operasi lebih singkat, serta tidak meninggalkan residu pelarut pada produk. Proses produksi meliputi tahap pre-treatment bahan baku, pembentukan karbon dioksida superkritis, ekstraksi, separasi produk, dan daur ulang karbon dioksida dalam sistem tertutup. Pabrik direncanakan mulai beroperasi pada tahun 2028 di Kecamatan Balubur Limbangan, Kabupaten Garut, Jawa Barat dengan kapasitas produksi sebesar 69,204 ton/tahun dan waktu operasi 24 jam selama 330 hari/tahun, sehingga diperkirakan mampu memenuhi sekitar 28,82% kebutuhan minyak jahe nasional pada tahun 2029. Kebutuhan bahan baku rimpang jahe sebesar 6.920 ton/tahun dipenuhi dari sentra produksi jahe di sekitar wilayah pabrik, sedangkan kebutuhan utilitas didukung oleh sistem penyediaan listrik, air proses, udara tekan, steam, dan pendingin. Pengelolaan lingkungan dilakukan melalui pemanfaatan ampas jahe hasil ekstraksi sebagai bahan bernilai tambah serta pengolahan limbah cair sesuai baku mutu yang berlaku. Total investasi pabrik sebesar Rp152.271.536.794 dengan nilai CAPEX Rp129.430.806.275 dan OPEX Rp221.395.109.687 per tahun. Hasil analisis ekonomi menunjukkan harga penjualan produk sebesar Rp242.214.532.872 per tahun, dengan nilai NPV positif sebesar Rp109.128.830.393, IRR sebesar 21,89%, POT selama 4,07 tahun, dan BEP sebesar 58,50%, sehingga berdasarkan aspek teknis, ekonomi, sosial, dan lingkungan, pabrik minyak atsiri dari jahe menggunakan metode ekstraksi karbon dioksida superkritis dinilai layak untuk didirikan dan dikembangkan.
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Ginger essential oil is one of the high-value spice-derived products with promising market prospects, driven by the growing demand in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and aromatherapy industries that utilize natural ingredients. As one of the leading ginger producers in Asia, Indonesia has significant potential to develop its downstream essential oil industry, thereby increasing the added value of ginger commodities and enhancing export competitiveness. In this plant design, elephant ginger (Zingiber officinale var. officinale) is used as the raw material, while the extraction process employs Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction (SC-CO₂), selected based on an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis due to its higher extraction yield, shorter processing time, and absence of solvent residue in the final product. The production process consists of raw material pre-treatment, supercritical carbon dioxide generation, extraction, product separation, and carbon dioxide recycling within a closed-loop system. The plant is planned to commence operation in 2028 and will be located in Balubur Limbangan District, Garut Regency, West Java, with a production capacity of 69.204 tons/year and an operating schedule of 24 hours per day for 330 days per year. This capacity is projected to satisfy approximately 28.82% of the national ginger essential oil demand in 2029. The annual requirement of 6,920 tons of ginger rhizomes will be supplied by ginger production centers surrounding the plant location, while utility demands will be supported by electricity, process water, compressed air, steam, and cooling systems. Environmental management will be implemented through the utilization of post-extraction ginger residue as a value-added by-product and the treatment of wastewater in compliance with applicable environmental standards. The total plant investment is estimated at IDR 152,271,536,794, consisting of a CAPEX of IDR 129,430,806,275 and an annual OPEX of IDR 221,395,109,687. Economic evaluation results indicate annual product sales revenue of IDR 242,214,532,872, with a positive Net Present Value (NPV) of IDR 109,128,830,393, an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 21.89%, a Pay Out Time (POT) of 4.07 years, and a Break-Even Point (BEP) of 58.50%. Therefore, based on technical, economic, social, and environmental considerations, the proposed ginger essential oil plant utilizing supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is considered feasible for establishment and development.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Ekstraksi Karbon Dioksida Superkritis, Jahe Gajah, Minyak Atsiri Jahe, SCCO₂, Zingiberene, Elephant Ginger, Ginger Essential Oil, Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction, SC-CO₂, Zingiberene.
Subjects:	Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD63 Extraction T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP248.3 Biochemical engineering. Bioprocess engineering T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP370 Food processing and manufacture
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Muhammad Farras Hakim
Date Deposited:	29 Jul 2026 02:09
Last Modified:	29 Jul 2026 02:09
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/139234

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