Fausta, Arkaan Helge (2026) Pembuatan Partikel Beta-karoten Dari Minyak Sawit Mentah (CPO) Menggunakan Karbon Dioksida Superkritis Sebagai Antisolvent. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Beta-karoten merupakan senyawa karotenoid penting yang berfungsi sebagai prekursor vitamin A dan memiliki aktivitas antioksidan tinggi. Crude Palm Oil (CPO) diketahui mengandung beta-karoten dalam jumlah signifikan, namun pemanfaatannya masih terbatas karena metode ekstraksi konvensional kurang efisien dan sering meninggalkan residu pelarut. Metode supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂) telah terbukti efektif untuk mengekstraksi senyawa bioaktif secara aman dan ramah lingkungan. Akan tetapi, hasil ekstraksi beta-karoten dari CPO umumnya masih berbentuk cair dengan kemurnian rendah, sehingga bioavailabilitasnya terbatas untuk aplikasi farmasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan proses produksi partikel beta-karoten dari CPO melalui proses ekstraksi SC-CO₂ dan supercritical antisolvent (SAS). Proses meliputi transesterifikasi CPO untuk menghasilkan fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), ekstraksi menggunakan SC-CO₂ pada rentang tekanan 10–20 MPa dan temperatur 40–60°C untuk memisahkan FAME dan memperkaya beta-karoten pada raffinate, diikuti saponifikasi untuk memperoleh fraksi tidak tersabunkan, serta pembentukan partikel menggunakan metode SAS pada kondisi 8–16 MPa dan 40–60°C. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan spektrofotometer-uv, SEM, FTIR, dan uji dissolution rate untuk mengevaluasi karakteristik partikel. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan kondisi terbaik untuk ekstraksi didapatkan pada tekanan 10 MPa dan 40oC dengan hasil recovery beta-karoten sebesar 98,23%. Hasil desain eksperimen menggunakan response surface method central composite design (RSM-CCD) menunjukkan kondisi operasi optimal pada tekanan 10 MPa dan temperatur 42oC dengan yield ekstraksi sebesar 11,489% dan raffinate sebesar 84,109%. Hasil analisa SEM dari proses SAS menunjukkan ukuran partikel 176 ± 11,2 nm.
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Beta-carotene is an important carotenoid compound that functions as a precursor of vitamin A and possesses high antioxidant activity. Crude Palm Oil (CPO) is known to contain significant amounts of beta-carotene; however, its utilization remains limited due to conventional extraction methods being inefficient and often leaving solvent residues. The supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂) method has proven effective for extracting bioactive compounds in a safe and environmentally friendly manner. Nevertheless, the extracted beta-carotene from CPO is generally still in liquid form with low purity, resulting in limited bioavailability for pharmaceutical applications.This study aims to develop a process for producing beta-carotene particles from CPO through a combination of SC-CO₂ extraction and the supercritical antisolvent (SAS) method. The process includes transesterification of CPO to produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), extraction using SC-CO₂ at pressures ranging from 10–20 MPa and temperatures of 40–60°C to separate FAME and enrich beta-carotene in the raffinate, followed by saponification to obtain the unsaponifiable fraction, and particle formation using the SAS method at conditions of 8–16 MPa and 40–60°C. Analysis was conducted using UV spectrophotometry, SEM, FTIR, and dissolution rate testing to evaluate particle characteristics. The results showed that the best extraction condition was achieved at a pressure of 10 MPa and a temperature of 40°C, with a beta-carotene recovery of 98.23%. The experimental design using Response Surface Methodology–Central Composite Design (RSM-CCD) indicated optimal operating conditions at a pressure of 10 MPa and a temperature of 42°C, resulting in an extraction yield of 11,489% and raffinate 84,109%. SEM analysis of the SAS process revealed particle size of 176 ± 11,2 nm.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | beta-karoten, crude palm oil, supercritical carbon dioxide, supercritical antisolvent, partikel mikron, beta-carotene, crude palm oil, supercritical carbon dioxide, supercritical antisolvent, micron particles |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP159.A5 Antioxidants T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP248.25.N35 Microencapsulation. T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP370 Food processing and manufacture T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP669 Oils, fats, and waxes |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24101-(S2) Master Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Arkaan Helge Fausta |
| Date Deposited: | 01 Aug 2026 07:13 |
| Last Modified: | 01 Aug 2026 07:17 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/141649 |
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