Mortar Geopolimer Berbahan Fly Ash Dan Slag Sebagai Pelindung Beton Dari Serangan Karbonasi, Klorida, Sulfat, Dan Biota Penempel Di Lingkungan Laut

Perdanawati, Rizqi Abdi (2026) Mortar Geopolimer Berbahan Fly Ash Dan Slag Sebagai Pelindung Beton Dari Serangan Karbonasi, Klorida, Sulfat, Dan Biota Penempel Di Lingkungan Laut. Doctoral thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Degradasi beton di laut diawali dengan adanya interaksi air laut dengan beton sehingga ion agresif yaitu klorida, sulfat, dan karbonasi masuk dan menyerang beton. Selain itu, biofouling/biota penempel diduga merusak beton melalui proses biodegradasi dan berpotensi menambah berat struktur. Tujuan utama dalam penelitian ini adalah pengembangan mortar geopolimer berbahan fly ash dan slag yang tahan terhadap serangan karbonasi, klorida, sulfat dan biofouling. Uji coba dilakukan dengan penyelidikan komposisi mortar geopolimer menggunakan fly ash halus dan slag, dilanjutkan dengan pengujian durabilitas di perairan Selat Madura selama satu tahun dengan paparan zona terendam. Beton konvensional (C) dan beton C sebagai inti yang dilapisi mortar geopolimer tanpa slag (M) dan mortar geopolimer dengan slag (MS) diuji untuk mengetahui kerentanan beton di daerah agresif yang direpresentasikan melalui kedalaman karbonasi, penetrasi ion klorida, dan ion sulfat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan fly ash halus menghasilkan mortar geopolimer dengan kelecakan yang baik, kuat tekan minimal 35 MPa serta memiliki permukaan yang lebih halus. Pelapis mortar geopolimer menurunkan persentase tutupan serta menurunkan laju pertumbuhan biofouling. Penambahan slag meningkatkan kuat tekan beton lebih tinggi dibandingkan beton konvensional. Mortar geopolimer tanpa slag (M) tidak mampu menghambat ion klorida dan sulfat bebas pada perendaman 189 hari. Penambahan slag (MS) mampu menjadi lapisan pelindung terhadap penetrasi ion agresif. MS juga mampu menahan penetrasi sulfat pada lapisan luar sehingga melindungi beton inti, meskipun kadar sulfat bebas pada lapisan mortar lebih. Sebaliknya, karbonasi pada mortar geopolimer relatif lebih tinggi dibandingkan beton konvensional karena tidak tersedianya cadangan Ca(OH)2. Keberadaan biofouling tidak berpengaruh terhadap kapasitas mekanik namun memperparah penetrasi ion agresif.
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Concrete deterioration in marine environments is initiated by the ingress of aggressive agents that degrade concrete through the penetration of chloride, sulfate ions, and carbonation ccelerating concrete degradation. In addition, marine biofouling is expected to influence concrete deterioration through biodeterioration processes and by increasing the structural dead load due to the accumulation of attached organisms. This study aimed to develop fly ash and slag based geopolymer mortar with enhanced resistance to carbonation, chloride ingress, sulfate attack, and marine biofouling. Experimental investigations included optimization of geopolymer mortar composition followed by one-year field exposure in the submerged zone of the Madura Strait, Indonesia. Conventional concrete (C) and geopolymer-coated concrete with and without slag (MS and M) were comparatively evaluated in terms of carbonation depth, chloride and sulfate penetration, biofouling colonization, compressive strength, and ion transport behavior. The effects of marine biofouling on concrete durability and degradation mechanisms were also investigated. The results demonstrated that the use of fine fly ash produced geopolymer mortar with good workability, a compressive strength exceeding 35 MPa, and a smoother surface than conventional concrete. The geopolymer coating reduced both the percentage coverage and growth rate of biofouling. The incorporation of slag further increased the compressive strength beyond that of conventional concrete. Slag-free geopolymer mortar (M) was unable to effectively inhibit free chloride and sulfate ingress after 189 days of marine exposure. In contrast, slag-modified geopolymer mortar (MS) acted as an effective protective barrier against aggressive ion penetration. Marine biofouling did not significantly reduce the mechanical capacity of the coated concrete, instead, it formed a higher ion transport. This study concludes that although marine biofouling can function as a biological surface layer that partially limits aggressive ion ingress, the additional biomass accumulated on the structure may adversely affect structural performance and should therefore be controlled.

Item Type:	Thesis (Doctoral)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Geopolimer, fly ash, durabilitas, pelindung beton, biofouling
Subjects:	T Technology > TH Building construction > TH1461 Concrete construction.
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning > Civil Engineering > 22001-(S3) PhD Thesis
Depositing User:	Rizqi Abdi Perdanawati
Date Deposited:	03 Aug 2026 08:52
Last Modified:	03 Aug 2026 08:52
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/142159

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