Putri, Shelma Hajar Anugrah and Prayogo, Arief (2018) Pemisahan Dan Pemurnian Trigliserida Dari Minyak Nyamplung (Calophyllum Inophyllum) Sebagai Alternatif Edible Oil Dengan Proses Continuous Countercurrent Extraction. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Tanaman nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum)
merupakan jenis tanaman bakau yang serbaguna dan memiliki
banyak khasiat. Bijinya mengandung minyak sekitar 75% berat.
Penelitian terdahulu menyatakan bahwa minyak nyamplung tidak
dapat dikonsumsi oleh manusia karena kandungan trigliserida yang
belum murni. Berdasarkan penelitian terkini mengenai fragmentasi
asam lemak bebas pada trigliserida, dinyatakan bahwa minyak biji
nyamplung dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai edible oil (minyak yang
dapat dikonsumsi). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk
mengetahui pengaruh laju aliran feed dan ratio pelarut dan Minyak
Nyamplung terhadap kandungan trigliserida (TAG) dan asam
lemak bebas (FFA) pada Non Polar Lipid Fraction (NPLF)
minyak nyamplung, serta mengetahui komposisi TAG dan FFA
pada NPLF minyak nyamplung di tiap-tiap titik sampel pada alat
continuous countercurrent extraction. Dengan ini diharapkan agar
trigliserida menjadi lebih murni dan memenuhi standar edible oil.
Variabel yang digunakan yaitu laju alir (NHexane+minyak):methanol dan rasio massa total pelarut : minyak.
Laju alir (N-Hexane+minyak):methanol yang digunakan adalah 6:12,5;6:15 dan 6:20 liter per jam (LPH) . Serta, rasio massa total
pelarut : minyak sebesar 4:1 ;5:1;6:1 dan 7:1. Minyak nyamplung
yang digunakan mengandung TAG 63,91%, FFA 15,76%, MAG
12,25%, dan DAG 4,66%. Proses pemurnian dilakukan
menggunakan packed column dengan prinsip countercurrent flow
dengan pelarut n-hexane teknis dan methanol teknis. Aliran ekstrak
akan keluar melalui dasar kolom dan aliran raffinate keluar melalui
atas kolom. Ekstrak kemudian dikumpulkan dan diuapkan untuk
mendapatkan PLF, sedangkan raffinate juga dilakukan hal yang
sama untuk mendapat NPLF. Sampel dari tiap titik sampel
dipisahkan fraksi polar dan non-polar, lalu masing-masing fraksi
diuapkan untuk mendapatkan NPLF dan PLF tiap titik sampel.
Hasil penguapan dianalisa kandungannya menggunakan analisa
kualitatif yaitu Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) dan kuantitatif
menggunakan Gas Chromatography (GC). Dari penelitian
didapatkan hasil percobaan dengan laju alir (Nhexane+minyak):metanol= 6:15 LPH dan rasio massa total
pelarut:minyak=6:1 dengan diperoleh 92,85% konten TAG, 2,19
% konten FFA dan 74,79% yield minyak.
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Calophyllum inophyllum or commonly called Nyamplung
in Indonesia, is one kind of versatile plant and has many benefits.
The seed contains 75% weight of oil. Nyamplung oil is known as
an oil that can not be consumed because the content is not pure
triglycerides. Based on recent research about fatty acid
fragmentation of triacylglycerol, it is stated that C. inophyllum oil
is suitable for edible oil purpose. The purpose of this study is to
determine the effect of feed’s flowrates and solvent to oil ratio on
the content of triglycerides (TAG) and Free Fatty Acid (FFA) in
Non-Polar Lipid Fraction (NPLF) of nyamplung oil with
continuous countercurrent extraction and to determine the TAG
composition in NPLF of nyamplung oil at every sampling spot in
continuous countercurrent extraction equipment. It is expected that
TAG becomes more pure and suitable for edible oil purpose.
Variables for this experiment were flowrate of (Nhexane+oil):methanol and solvent to oil mass ratio. The flowrates
of (N-hexane+oil):methanol used were 6:12,5;6:15 and 6:20 Liter
per hour (LPH) and the solvents to oil mass ratio used were 4:1
;5:1;6:1 and 7:1 . The crude oil of nyamplung contained 63,91%
TAG, 15,76% FFA, 12,25% MAG, dan 4,66% DAG. Purification
of TAG was carried out using a packed column with the principle
of countercurrent flow using n-hexane and methanol technical
grade as solvents. The extract flows from bottom column and the raffinate flows from top column. Then, the extract fraction was
collected and distilled to get PLF, then the same method was done
for raffinate to get NPLF. The polar and non-polar fraction were
separated from every sample from sampling spot, then they were
distilled to get the PLF and NPLF every sample. The products of
distillation were analyzed qualitatively by TLC and quantitatively
by GC. The best result was obtained when flowrates (Nhexane+oil):methanol were set at 6:15 LPH and solvent to oil mass
ratio at 6:1 with 92.85% content of TAG, 2.19% content of FFA
and 74,79% yield of oil.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | RSK 660.284 2 Put p 3100018076440 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Asam Lemak Bebas, Countercurrent Extraction, Edible Oil, Non Polar Lipid Fraction, Nyamplung, Trigliserida. |
| Subjects: | H Social Sciences > HA Statistics > HA31.35 Analysis of variance Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD63 Extraction T Technology > TP Chemical technology T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP156 Crystallization. Extraction (Chemistry). Fermentation. Distillation. Emulsions. T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP248.3 Biochemical engineering. Bioprocess engineering T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP370 Food processing and manufacture |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Shelma Hajar Anugrah Putri |
| Date Deposited: | 11 Feb 2019 04:27 |
| Last Modified: | 11 Nov 2020 08:14 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/53562 |
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