Aprilia, Eka Hikmah (2019) Analisa Numerik Tegangan Dinamik Pada Rel Kereta Api Akibat Beban Impact Dengan Kenaikan Suhu. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Abstrak Penggunaan kereta api sebagai transportasi massal di Indonesia meningkat tinggi sejalan dengan tingkat mobilisasi masyarakat. Maka dibutuhkan adanya perawatan dan kontrol terhadap kondisi kereta api agar terhindar dari kerusakan. Salah satu penyebab kerusakan atau kecelakaan kereta api adalah kegagalan kontak antara roda dan rel kereta api. Kegagalan ini disebabkan oleh cacat pada permukaan rel dan perubahan geometri pada roda atau rel akibat ekspansi suhu. Salah satu cara untuk mencegah kerusakan atau kecelakaan ini dapat dilakukan melalui analisa dari beban impact yang terjadi di rel pada saat roda kereta melintas menggunakan alat ukur (strain gauge) yang menghasilkan output berupa tegangan. Tegangan ini bisa menggambarkan beban impact yang terjadi yang diakibatkan ketidak-rataan (profil) roda kereta api. Pada penelitian sebelumnya telah dilakukan analisa hubungan beban impact dengan tegangan namun belum adanya pengaruh kenaikan suhu. Sedangkan besarnya tegangan akan berubah jika terdapat perubahan suhu. Begitu pula dengan peletakan dari alat ukur mempengaruhi besarnya tegangan yang terbaca sehingga diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai peletakan alat ukur tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara numerik dengan menggunakan Finite Element Software yaitu Ansys Workbench 18.1. Pembebanan impact berupa gaya tepat di atas permukaan rel bagian tengah yang mempresentasikan adanya kontak antara roda dan rel. Gaya impact yang terjadi di variasikan sebesar 10-90kN. Analisa dilakukan pada titik ditempatkannya strain gauge yaitu titik tengah pada rel kereta api di antara dua bantalan. Ada tujuh titik node yang dianalisa sepanjang garis lurus kebawah. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan hasil bahwa tegangan impact yang terbaca akan semakin besar pada node yang terletak semakin ke bawah (node 1-7) menjauhi letak beban impact di berikan. Semakin besar beban impact yang diberikan maka tegangan impact yang terbaca juga semakin besar. Besarnya selisih tegangan impact maksimum meningkat dari node 1 ke node 7. Hal ini akan mempermudah pembacaan tegangan impact ketika alat ukur diletakkan pada bagian bawah sisi sampir rel kereta api (antara node 5-7). Adanya kenaikan suhu juga mempengaruhi besarnya tegangan impact yang terjadi akibat beban impact. Besarnya kenaikan tegangan impact yang terjadi antara 119.5% hingga 3005.6% pada beban impact 10-450kN dari tegangan impact tanpa pengaruh kenaikan suhu.
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Abstract The use of trains as mass transportation in Indonesia has increased high in line with the level of community mobilization. So it takes care and control of the condition of the train to avoid damage. One of the causes of train damage or accidents is the failure of contact between the wheels and the railroad tracks. This failure is caused by defects in the rail surface and changes in geometry on the wheels or rails due to temperature expansion. One way to prevent this damage or accident can be done through an analysis of the impact loads that occur on the rail when the train wheels pass using a gauge (strain gauge) which produces output in the form of voltage. This voltage can describe the impact load that occurs due to the unevenness (profile) of the train wheels. In the previous study an analysis of the relationship of impact loads with stress has been carried out but there is no effect of temperature rise While the magnitude of the voltage will change if there is a change in temperature. Likewise, the laying of a measuring instrument affects the magnitude of the voltage that is read so that further research is needed regarding the placement of the measuring instrument. This research was conducted numerically by using Finite Element Software namely Ansys Workbench 18.1. Impact impact force is just above the center of the rail surface which represents contact between the wheels and rails. Impact styles that occur vary by 10-90kN. The analysis is carried out at the point where the strain gauge is placed which is the midpoint on the railroad tracks between the two bearings. There are seven node points analyzed along a straight line down. From this study, the results show that the impact voltage that is read will be greater in the nodes located further down (nodes 1-7) away from the location of the impact load given. The greater the impact load given, the greater the impact voltage that is read. The amount of the maximum impact voltage difference increases from node 1 to node 7. This will facilitate the reading of the impact voltage when the measuring instrument is placed at the bottom side of the railroad side (between nodes 5-7). The increase in temperature also affects the magnitude of the impact voltage caused by the impact load. The magnitude of the increase in the impact voltage that occurs between 119.5% to 3005.6% of the impact voltage from 10-450kN without the influence of temperature rise.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | RSM 625.21 Apr a-1 2019 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Beban Impact, Kenaikan suhu, Metode Elemen Hingga, Rel Kereta Api |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TF Railroad engineering and operation T Technology > TF Railroad engineering and operation > TF240 Railway construction T Technology > TF Railroad engineering and operation > TF270 Railway structures and buildings |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Eka Hikmah Aprilia |
| Date Deposited: | 29 Feb 2024 07:51 |
| Last Modified: | 29 Feb 2024 07:51 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/65716 |
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