Ulfa, Fitriyah (2019) Perencanaan Terowongan Bawah Laut Sistem Immersed Tunnel di Teluk Balikpapan. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Teluk Balikpapan merupakan salah satu perairan di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur yang memisahkan Kota Balikpapan dan Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara (PPU). Lama perjalanan dari atau menuju Kabupaten PPU-Balikpapan membutuhkan waktu yang lama baik melalui jalur darat maupun jalur laut. Hal tersebut mampu menghambat kegiatan ekonomi antara Kota Balikpapan dan Kabupaten PPU. Sehingga dibutuhkan infrastruktur baru yang dapat mempersingkat waktu perjalanan tersebut. Infrastruktur yang akan dibangun antara Penajam-Balikpapan diharapkan tidak hanya dapat digunakan kendaraan roda dua dan roda empat, tapi juga kereta api. Sehingga jika dilakukan perencanaan jembatan akan mahal, dan tidak efisien. Immersed tunnel adalah balok beton hollow yang ditenggelamkan dibawah laut dan digabungkan agar membentuk terowongan. Immersed tunnel digunakan untuk melewati perairan sebagai alternatif jembatan. Immersed tunnel adalah jenis lintasan transportasi bawah laut diantara sungai, terusan, teluk, atau selat. Pembangunan immersed tunnel sudah banyak dilakukan di beberapa negara maju karena biaya konstruksi yang dibutuhkan lebih murah dibandingkan biaya konstruksi jembatan, dan pelaksanaan konstruksi immersed tunnel lebih mudah daripada pelaksanaan konstruksi jenis terowongan bawah laut lainnya. Selain itu, material yang dibutuhkan untuk membangun immersed tunnel juga dapat diperoleh secara lokal. Dari hasil perencanaan yang telah dilakukan, immersed tunnel pada Teluk Balikpapan berada pada kedalaman -15 m dibawah air laut, dengan panjang ±5 km dibagi menjadi beberapa segmen dengan panjang per segmen adalah 131 m, 150 meter, 164 meter, dan 163,5 m, lebar segmen adalah 43,8 m. Immersed tunnel memiliki 2 ruang jalan raya, 2 ruang jalan rel, dan 2 ruang darurat. Segmen terowongan telah dilakukan kontrol berat sehingga segmen ini dapat mengambang di permukaa air pada pelaksanaan dan tetap berada di bawah laut dengan bantuan timbunan backfill. Pada bagian approach di Balikpapan akan direncanakan menggunakan metode cut and cover. Metode ini akan menggunakan dinding penahan tanah pada proses penggalian. Dinding penahan tanah yang digunakan adalah secant pile dengan kedalaman dinding mencapai 30 m untuk model 1, dan 45 m untuk model 2.
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Indonesia is the biggest archipelago country in the world. Because of this, sea transportation infrastructure has an important role in improving inter-island connectivity in Indonesia. Balikpapan Bay is one of the waters in East Kalimantan Province that separates Balikpapan City and Penajam Paser Utara Regency (PPU). The length of the trip from or to PPU-Balikpapan Regency takes a long time either by land or sea route. This can hamper economic activities between the City of Balikpapan and the PPU Regency. So that new infrastructure is needed that can shorten the travel time. The infrastructure that will be built between Penajam-Balikpapan is expected to not only be used by two-wheeled vehicles and four-wheeled vehicles, but also trains. So if planning the bridge will be expensive, and inefficient. The height of the bridge to be built can also disrupt shipping activities in Balikpapan Bay and flight activities at Sultan Aji Muhammad International Airport, Sulaiman Sepinggan. Immersed tunnel is a block of hollow concrete that is submerged under the sea and combined to form a tunnel. Immersed tunnel is used to pass waters as an alternative bridge. Immersed tunnel is a type of submarine transportation path between rivers, canals, bays, or straits. Immersed tunnel construction has been carried out in several developed countries because the construction costs needed are cheaper than the cost of bridge construction, and the implementation of immersed tunnel construction is easier than the implementation of other underwater tunnel construction types. In addition, the material needed to build an immersed tunnel can also be obtained locally. From the results of the planning that has been done, the immersed tunnel in Balikpapan Bay is at a depth of -15 m below sea water, with a length of ± 5 km divided into several segments with lengths per segment is 131 m, 150 meter, 164 meter, and 163,5 m, the segment width is 43.8 m. The Immersed tunnel has 2 highway spaces, 2 railroad halls, and 2 emergency rooms. The tunnel segment has been subjected to heavy control so that this segment can float on the surface of the water at implementation and remain under the sea with the help of backfill. Approach section at Balikpapan City will planned by using cut and cover method. This method is using retaining wall during its construction process. The retaining wall is using secant pile with depth of 30 m for model 1, and 45 m for model 2. Each model’s structure can resist buoyancy force during hidrostatis condition.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil, Environmental, and Geo Engineering > Civil Engineering > 22201-(S1) Undergraduate Theses |
| Depositing User: | Fitriyah Ulfa |
| Date Deposited: | 12 Jul 2024 07:36 |
| Last Modified: | 12 Jul 2024 07:36 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/66040 |
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