Syavira, Atika Rizqi (2019) Aplikasi Elektrolisis dengan Elektroda Platina untuk Recovery Alumina dari Lumpur PDAM. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Proses koagulasi menggunakan koagulan aluminium sulfat (Al2SO4) dalam pengolahan air minum oleh Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) menghasilkan lumpur alum dalam jumlah yang besar. Lumpur alum PDAM mengandung konsentrasi aluminium dan kandungan organik yang cukup tinggi sehingga bersifat toksik terhadap lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan karakteristik fisik dan kimiawi lumpur alum hasil pengolahan air minum PDAM, menentukan pengaruh penurunan kontaminan organik pada recovery alumina dari lumpur alum PDAM, dan menentukan nilai pH optimum dalam elektrolisis untuk recovery alumina dari lumpur alum PDAM dengan elektroda jenis platina (Pt). Sampel lumpur alum diambil dari unit clearator IPAM X PDAM Surabaya. Karakteristik lumpur alum yang diuji adalah karakteristik fisik dan kimiawi seperti pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), kadar air, Total Volatile Solids (TVS), Total Fixed Solids (TFS), Total Solids (TS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Kadar Al, Fe, Pb, Cu, Cr, Zn, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Sludge Volume Index (SVI), alkalinitas, dan konduktivitas. Sampel lumpur alum dikeringkan pada suhu 105oC selama 24 jam. Kemudian sampel dihaluskan dan diasidifikasi menggunakan H2SO4 hingga pH 2. Filtrat hasil asidifikasi disentrifugasi selama 20 menit dengan kecepatan 4000 rpm. Supernatan hasil sentrifugasi digunakan sebagai elektrolit untuk elektrolisis. Penurunan kontaminan organik dilakukan melalui pre-treatment dengan oksidasi menggunakan H2O2 dan pemaparan sinar UV. Larutan elektrolit yang digunakan adalah filtrat tanpa oksidasi, filtrat hasil oksidasi dengan penambahan H2O2 dengan perbandingan [H2O2]/[COD] = ½, serta filtrat hasil oksidasi dengan penambahan H2O2 yang sama dan pemaparan sinar UV 254 nm. Pengadukan pada proses oksidasi untuk penyisihan kandungan organik menggunakan magnetic stirrer 700 rpm selama 4 jam. Nilai pH awal proses elekrolisis yang ditetapkan adalah 3 dan 4. Kuat arus yang digunakan adalah 700 mA untuk larutan tanpa oksidasi dan 200 mA untuk larutan yang telah dioksidasi berdasarkan hasil uji polarisasi. Elektrolisis dilakukan pada reaktor batch recirculation satu kompartemen berkapasitas 0,2 L selama 8 jam. Jenis elektroda yang digunakan adalah platina (panjang 8 cm; lebar 3 cm) sebagai katoda dan anoda. Kapasitas feed tank yang digunakan adalah 0,8 L untuk filtrat/larutan tanpa oksidasi dan 1 L untuk filtrat teroksidasi. Pengukuran pH, TDS, konduktivitas, tegangan listrik, dan COD dilakukan setiap jam selama elektrolisis. Alumina yang terdeposisi di katoda ditimbang dan dianalisis kadar logamnya menggunakan Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). Hasil karakterisasi utama lumpur alum PDAM adalah pH 6,7 0,25; TDS 222 mg/L; kadar Al 6736,3 mg/L; kadar Fe 1077,09 mg/L; COD 2166,67 115,47 mg/L; dan konduktivitas 825 10,15 µS/cm. Persentase recovery Al yang didapat untuk elektrolisis pH 4 dengan filtrat tanpa oksidasi, filtrat dengan oksidasi H2O2, dan filtrat dengan oksidasi H2O2 + UV 254 nm masing-masing adalah 6,59%; 3,51%; dan 1,30%. Sedangkan elektrolisis pH 3 filtrat tanpa oksidasi, filtrat dengan oksidasi H2O2, dan filtrat dengan oksidasi H2O2 + UV menghasilkan recovery Al sebesar 9,63%; 4,94%; dan 3,93%. Persentase recovery alumina tertinggi adalah pada proses elektrolisis pH 3 pada kuat arus 700 mA dengan filtrat tanpa oksidasi.
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Coagulation process using Al2SO4 as coagulant in water treatment process at Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) generates high volume of alum sludge. The alum sludge contains high concentration of aluminium and organic matters, which might cause toxic effect to the environment. The aims of this study are to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of alum sludge, to determine the effect of organic matters reduction, and to determine optimum pH for alumina recovery from the alum sludge using platinum as electrodes.
The alum sludge samples was collected from clearator unit at IPAM X PDAM Surabaya. The alum sludge characterization were measured according to physical and chemical characteristics such as pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), moisture content, Total Volatile Solids (TVS), Total Fixed Solids (TFS), Total Solids (TS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), concentration of Al, Fe, Pb, Cu, Cr, Zn, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Sludge Volume Index (SVI), alkalinity, and conductivity. The fresh alum sludge samples were dewatered at 105oC for 24 hours. Then, the sludge samples were mashed up and acidified with H2SO4 to pH 2. Then, filtrate from acidification process was centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 20 minutes. Supernatant from centrifugation were used as electrolyte in electrolysis. Pretreatment for organic matters reduction was done by oxidation with H2O2 addition and UV radiation. Variation of electrolyte solution are non-oxidized filtrate, oxidized filtrate with H2O2 addition with ratio of [H2O2]/[COD] = ½, also oxidized filtrate with the same H2O2 concentration and radiation of UV with 254 nm wavelength for 4 hours. Mixing in oxidation process was done by using using magnetic stirrer in 700 rpm for 4 hours. Initial pH of electrolysis were 3 and 4. Electrical current used for electrolysis were 700 mA for non-oxidized filtrate and 200 mA for oxidized filtrate based on polarization test results.
Electrolysis was conducted with one compartment in a batch recirculation reactor with 0,2 L capacity for 8 hours. Platinum was used as cathode and anode with dimentions of length 8 cm and width 3 cm. The feed tank capacity for electrolyte were 0,8 L for non-oxidized filtrate and 1 L for oxidized filtrate. The pH, TDS, conducyivity, voltage, and COD were measured every hours. Deposited alumina at cathode were weighed and analysed by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). The main characteristics of PDAM alum sludge were pH 6.7 0.25; TDS 222 mg/L; Al concentration 6736,3 mg/L; Fe concentration 1077,09 mg/L; COD 2166.67 115.47 mg/L; and conductivity 825 10.15 µS/cm. Percentage of Al recovery from electrolysis in pH 4 with non-oxidized filtrate, oxidized filtrate with H2O2, and oxidized filtrate with H2O2 and UV 254 nm with pH 4 respectively were 6.59%; 3.51%; and 1.30%. Electrolysis in pH 3 with non-oxidized filtrate and oxidized filtrate with H2O2 percentage of Al recovery respectively were 9.63%; 4.94%; and 3.93%. The highest Al recovery percentage was observed in electrolysis at pH 3 and electric current of 700 mA with non-oxidized electrolyte filtrate.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Alumina, Elektrolisis, Hidrogen Peroksida, Kontaminan Organik, Lumpur Alum, PDAM Surabaya |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD553 Electrochemistry. Electrolysis |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning > Environment Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Atika Rizqi Syavira |
| Date Deposited: | 19 Jul 2024 07:23 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Jul 2024 07:23 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/66293 |
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