Gunarta, Theresia Angela (2019) Penurunan Surfaktan dan Fosfat Air Saluran Kalidami Menggunakan Media Kapur Semen dengan Proses Presipitasi Sedimentasi. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Air limbah domestik grey water yang dibuang langsung ke drainase menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan. Hal ini disebabkan grey water merupakan sumber surfaktan dan fosfat. Saluran Kalidami Surabaya merupakan badan air yang tercemar oleh grey water. Kapur merupakan alkali tanah yang dapat mengendapkan surfaktan dan fosfat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan efisiensi penurunan surfaktan dan fosfat menggunakan media kapur semen serta menganalisis pengaruh waktu detensi dalam reaktor dan luas permukaan media artifisial terhadap penurunan surfaktan dan fosfat.
Penelitian diawali dengan karakterisasi air Saluran Kalidami dan penentuan rasio kapur semen secara batch menggunakan jar test. Selanjutnya dilakukan pembuatan media dari semen yang digunakan dalam proses color tracer test sedangkan media kapur semen (sesuai penentuan rasio penelitian pendahuluan) digunakan untuk penelitian utama secara kontinyu. Operasional reaktor dilakukan berdasarkan variasi waktu operasional (10 jam, 12 jam, 14 jam) dan diameter media (1 cm; 1,5 cm; 2 cm). Sampel diambil saat awal sebelum air berkontak dengan media kapur semen, 0 jam pengendapan, 1 jam pengendapan, 2 jam pengendapan, 3 jam pengendapan, dan 4 jam pengendapan. Parameter yang digunakan dalam penelitian pendahuluan dan utama adalah surfaktan, fosfat, TSS (Total Suspended Solid), dan pH. Kemudian hasil analisis akan diplotkan pada grafik untuk ditentukan reduksi surfaktan dan fosfat paling besar. Setelah itu, didapatkan pengaruh waktu operasional dan luas permukaan media kapur semen terhadap penurunan konsentrasi surfaktan dan fosfat serta peningkatan TSS dan pH menggunakan uji statistik ANOVA. Karakterisasi awal air Saluran Kalidami mengandung surfaktan sebesar 6,35 mg/L; fosfat sebesar 2,68 mg/L; TSS sebesar 16 mg/L; pH 7,43. Pada penelitian secara batch didapatkan rasio kapur semen 6:1 yang dapat mereduksi surfaktan dan fosfat paling besar yaitu masing-masing 94% dan 91%. Pada penelitian secara kontinyu didapatkan media kapur semen 6:1 dengan diameter 1 cm dapat mereduksi surfaktan dan fosfat air Saluran Kalidami paling besar yaitu 93% dan 99,3% serta terjadi peningkatan TSS sebesar 392% dan pH sebesar 71%. Luas permukaan media kapur semen dan waktu operasional berpengaruh terhadap penurunan surfaktan dan peningkatan TSS, namun waktu operasional tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap penurunan fosfat dan peningkatan pH. Luas permukaan media kapur semen berpengaruh terhadap penurunan fosfat dan peningkatan pH.
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Greywater of domestic wastewater discharged directly into the drainage causes environmental pollution. This is because greywater is a source of surfactants and phosphates. The Kalidami Surabaya Channel is a water body contaminated by greywater. Lime is an alkaline earth metal which can precipitate surfactants and phosphates. The purpose of this study is to determine the efficiency of surfactant and phosphate removal using lime cement media as well as to analyze the effect of detention time and artificial media surface area in the reactor on surfactant and phosphate removal. The study began with the characterization of Kalidami Channel water and determination of the ratio of lime cement in batches using a jar test. Afterwards, the media, which was made from cement, was used in the color tracer test process, while the lime cement media (with a pre-determined ratio) was used in the main study continuously. The operation of the reactor is based on variations in operational time (10 hours, 12 hours, 14 hours) and media diameter (1 cm; 1,5 cm; 2 cm). Samples were taken before the water came into contact with cement lime media, then at sedimentation times of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours. The parameters analyzed in the preliminary and main studies are surfactant, phosphate, TSS (Total Suspended Solid), and pH. The results of the analysis are then plotted on a graph to determine the optimum reduction of surfactant and phosphate. Afterwards, the effect of system detention time and the surface area of the lime cement media on the decrease in surfactant and phosphate concentrations and increase in TSS and pH were obtained using ANOVA statistical test. The initial characterization of Kalidami Channel water contained a surfactant of 6.35 mg / L; phosphate of 2.68 mg / L; TSS of 16 mg / L; pH 7.43. In a batch study it was found that the ratio of cement lime was 6: 1 which reduced the highest surfactant and phosphate, which were 94% and 91% respectively. In a continuous study, 6: 1 cement lime media with a diameter of 1 cm and operational time of 14 hours can reduce the Kalidami Channel water surfactant and phosphate best, namely 93% and 99.3%. While the increase in TSS and pH is the smallest when Kalidami Channel water is in contact for 10 hours, TSS is 68 mg / L to 140 mg / L and pH is from 7.6 to 12.6. The surface area of cement lime media and operational time affected the decrease of surfactant and increase in TSS, but the operational time did not significantly affect the decrease in phosphate and increase in pH. The surface area of the cement lime media has an effect on the reduction of phosphate and an increase in pH.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Fosfat, Kapur, Saluran Kalidami, Semen, dan Surfaktan |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD420 Water pollution T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD455 Chemical precipitation. Coagulation. Flocculation. Water--Purification--Flocculation. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning > Environment Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Theresia Angela Gunarta |
| Date Deposited: | 18 Jul 2024 05:30 |
| Last Modified: | 18 Jul 2024 05:30 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/67174 |
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