Perwitasari, Tamara Indah (2020) Perancangan Shock Absorber Tunggal pada Automatic Coupler Light Rail Transit (LRT). Other thesis, Intitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Coupler digunakan untuk menyambungkan dua gerbong kereta dimana bagian mechanical head coupler harus kuat menahan gaya tarik dan tekan yang dapat menimbulkan getaran yang menjadi faktor ketidaknyamanan terhadap penumpang. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya pengembangan coupler LRT dengan sistem redaman yang optimal agar dapat meningkatkan kenyamanan penumpang. Pada tugas akhir ini, dilakukan analisa redaman dengan menambahkan shock absorber pada coupler LRT. Analisa ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan software MATLAB Simulink. Shock absorber yang digunakan terdiri dari satu pegas (k) dan satu peredam (c) yang diletakkan pada satu sisi coupler. Simulasi dilakukan dengan dua input yaitu step dan sinusoidal dimana dari hasil input step dipilih nilai kekakuan (k) dan konstanta redam (c). Selanjutnya, nilai k dan c disimulasikan dengan input sinusoidal untuk mengetahui respon dinamis berupa perpindahan, kecepatan dan percepatan dengan variasi kecepatan sebesar 40 km/jam, 60 km/jam, 80 km/jam dan 100 km/jam. Hasil simulasi dengan input sinusoidal berupa nilai RMS percepatan yang nantinya diplot pada grafik standar kenyamanan berkendara ISO 2631. Setelah mengetahui respon dinamis dari kereta, dilakukan simulasi sistem suspensi hidrolik dengan variasi diameter orifice. Nilai kekakuan yang dipilih juga menjadi acuan untuk merancang dimensi pegas pada shock absorber. Dari serangkaian metodologi yang telah dilakukan, didapatkan nilai kekakuan pegas sebesar 1626,8 N/m dan konstanta redaman sebesar 15000 Ns/m. Nilai tersebut dipilih karena memiliki damping ratio yang paling kecil sehingga respon kereta LRT lebih cepat mengalami steady state. Respon kereta LRT dengan penambahan shock absorber menghasilkan nilai ketahanan yang baik pada saat kecepatan rendah dan nilai ketahanan semakin menurun dengan meningkatnya kecepatan dari kereta LRT. Pada simulasi sistem suspensi hidrolik, variasi diameter 1,58 mm paling cocok untuk dipasangkan pada kereta LRT. Pegas pada suspensi hidrolik yang dipasangkan memiliki jari-jari luar sebesar 62,09 mm, diameter kawat sebesar 4,09 mm, panjang pegas sebesar 0,5 m dengan lilitan total sebanyak 2,5 lilitan.
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Couplers are used to connect two train cars where the mechanical head coupler must be strong withstand tensile and compressive forces which can cause vibrations which are a factor of discomfort to passengers. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an LRT coupler with an optimal damping system to improve passenger’s convenience. In this final project, an attenuation analysis is done by adding a shock absorber to the LRT coupler. This analysis is using MATLAB Simulink software. The shock absorber that used consists of one spring (k) and one damper (c) placed on one side of the coupler. The simulation is done with two inputs, step and sinusoidal wherefrom the results of the input step the stiffness value (k) and the damping constant (c) is chosen. Furthermore, the values of k and c are simulated with sinusoidal input to know dynamic responses such as displacement, speed and acceleration with variations of speed (40 km/h, 60 km/h, 80 km/h and 100 km/h). Simulation result with sinusoidal is acceleration RMS values which will be plotted on the standard graph of driving convenience ISO 2631. After knowing the dynamic response of the train, a hydraulic suspension system simulation is performed with variations in the diameter of the orifice. The selected stiffness value is also used as a reference for designing the spring dimensions of the shock absorber. From a series of methodologies that have been carried out, the spring stiffness value is 1626.8 N / m and the damping constant is 15000 Ns / m. This value was chosen because it has the smallest damping ratio so that the LRT train's response is more rapid in a steady state. The response of the LRT train with the addition of a shock absorber produces a good resistance value at low speeds and the resistance value decreases with increasing speed of the LRT train. In a hydraulic suspension simulation system, a variation of 1.58 mm diameter is best suited to be installed on an LRT train. The spring on the paired hydraulic suspension has an outer radius of 62.09 mm, a wire diameter of 4.09 mm, a spring length of 0.5 m with a total of 2.5 turns.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | RSM 629.243 Per p-1 2020 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Shock absorber, Konstanta pegas-peredam, Respon dinamis, Automatic coupler, Light Rail Transit (LRT) |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QA Mathematics > QA935 Vibration T Technology > TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics > TL257 Springs and suspension T Technology > TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics > TL257.5 Automobiles--Shock absorbers--Design and construction. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | TAMARA INDAH PERWITASARI |
| Date Deposited: | 12 Dec 2023 01:55 |
| Last Modified: | 12 Dec 2023 01:55 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/73177 |
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