Elyani, Nur (2020) Perancangan Shock Absorber Tunggal Dengan Dua Pegas Dan Satu Peredam Pada Automatic Coupler Light Rail Transit (LRT). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Light Rail Transit (LRT) adalah jenis kereta sebagai solusi sarana transportasi masal berbasis rel untuk pergerakan mengangkut barang atau penumpang dan mengurangi kemacetan kendaraan darat . Pada penelitian oleh Ady Theo L D. telah dilakukan perancang ulang coupler yang digunakan pada LRT dengan judul “Prototyping LRT Skala Laboratorium” dengan menambahkan sistem dan dua alternatif pembuka serta sistem penyimpanan pada underframe ketika coupler sedang tidak digunakan . Coupler sebagai komponen penyambung kereta LRT menerima beban karena adanya gaya antara motorcar dan trailercar . Akibatnya terjadilah getaran pada coupler Solusinya untuk meredam adanya getaran pada coupler ini perlu peredam yang mampu mereduksi bahkan menghilangkan getaran demi kenyamanan penumpang. Dalam penelitian tugas akhir ini dilakukan perancangan dan simulasi sistem suspensi coupler LRT dengan memvariasikan kecepatan LRT, konstanta pegas dan konstanta redam coupler terhadap karakteristik gaya redam serta respon dinamis pada kereta LRT . Simulasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan software MATLAB input step dan sinusoidal. Dari perancangan shock absorber tunggal dengan dua pegas dan satu peredam pada automatic coupler LRT ini dapat diketahui karakteristik gaya peredam yang optimal. Setelah didapatkan persamaan gerak dari sistem, selanjutnya dijadikan bentuk state variable. Kemudian membuat blok diagram pada Simulink Matlab untuk disimulasikan sehingga diperoleh konstanta pegas 1 dan 2 serta konstanta redam yang optimal. Lalu disimulasikan kembali untuk mengetahui gaya redam dengan variasi diameter orifice dengan input sinusoidal divariasikan dari 0.5 Hz hingga 2 Hz . Langkah terakhir yaitu merancang dimensi pegas. Dari penelitian ini, didapatkan hasil bahwa penggunaan konstanta redam 40000 Ns/m dan konstanta pegas K1 = 11700 N/m dan K2 = 36100 N/m paling cocok untuk diterapkan pada shock absorber coupler LRT dengan susunan 1 peredam dan 2 pegas. Perubahan variasi kecepatan mempengaruhi kenyamanan kendaraan . Semakin tinggi nilai RMS percepatan maka tingkat kenyamanan kendaraan semakin bagus .Pada sistem suspensi hidraulik, perubahan variasi diameter orifice mempengaruhi besarnya gaya redam. Variasi diameter paling kecil menghasilkan nilai gaya redam yang paling besar. Selain itu, variasi diameter orifice 1,3 mm paling cocok untuk dipasangkan pada sistem shock absorber LRT dengan penggunaan konstanta redam 30000 Ns/m. Pegas sebagai K1 dan K2 yang terpasang pada sistem masing-masing terbuat dari baja dengan panjang 40 cm dilengkapi lilitan sebanyak 2,8 . Masing-masing diameter pegas sebesar 10 cm dan diameter kawat pegas 1 sebesar 7 mm kemudian pegas 2 sebesar 9mm. ===============================================================================================================================
Light Rail Transit (LRT) is a type of train used as a rail-based mass transportation means for transporting goods or passengers and reducing road congestion. In research by Ady Theo L. D. a redesign of the coupler was used on the LRT with the title "Laboratory Scale LRT Prototyping" by adding a system and two opening alternatives and a storage system on the underframe when the coupler was not in use. Coupler as a component connecting the LRT train receives the burden because of the force between the motorcar and trailercar. As a result there was a vibration in the coupler. The solution to reduce the vibration of the coupler is the presence of a damper that is able to reduce or even eliminate vibrations for passenger comfort. In this final project, the design and simulation of the LRT coupler suspension system are carried out by varying the speed of the LRT, the spring constant and the damping coupler constant to the characteristics of the damping force and dynamic response on the LRT train. The simulation is done using MATLAB input step and sinusoidal software. From the design of a single shock absorber with two springs and one damper on the LRT automatic coupler, it can be seen the optimal damping force characteristics. After obtaining the equation of motion from the system, it is then used as a state variable. Then make a block diagram on the Simulink Matlab to be simulated in order to obtain the spring constants 1 and 2 as well as the optimal damping constants. Then it is simulated again to find out the damping force with variations in the diameter of the orifice with sinusoidal input varied from 0.5 Hz to 2 Hz. The final step is designing the spring dimension. From this study, it was found that the use of a damping constant of 40000 Ns / m and a spring constant K1 = 11700 N / m and K2 = 36100 N / m was most suitable for application in the shock absorber coupler LRT with an arrangement of 1 damper and 2 springs. Changes in speed variations affect vehicle comfort. The higher the acceleration RMS value, the better the comfort level of the vehicle. In the hydraulic suspension system, changes in orifice diameter variation affect the amount of damping force. The smallest diameter variation produces the greatest value of the damping force. In addition, variations in the diameter of the 1.3 mm orifice are best suited for pairing to the LRT shock absorber system with the use of a damping constant of 30000 Ns / m. The springs as K1 and K2 that are installed in the system are each made of steel with a length of 40 cm equipped with a coil of 2.8. Each spring diameter is 10 cm and spring wire diameter 1 is 7 mm then spring 2 is 9 mm.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | RSM 629.243 Ely p-1 2020 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Respon dinamis, Shock Absorber, karakteristik dinamis peredam, Light Rail Transit (LRT) |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QA Mathematics > QA935 Vibration T Technology > TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics > TL257 Springs and suspension T Technology > TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics > TL257.5 Automobiles--Shock absorbers--Design and construction. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Nur Elyani |
| Date Deposited: | 05 Apr 2023 01:34 |
| Last Modified: | 05 Apr 2023 01:34 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/73507 |
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