Bhakti, Hendra (2016) Studi Eksperimental Pengaruh Penambahan Sistem Ceratan Pada Gasifikasi Biomassa Briket Municipal Solid Waste Terhadap Performa Gasifier Tipe Downdraft. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Sejalan dengan pemanfaatan syngas sebagai bahan bakar
campuran bahan bakar mesin diesel dual fuel (DDF) menimbulkan
beberapa permasalahan. Konsumsi syngas maupun minyak solar
sebagai bahan bakar tidak tetap karena dipengaruhi oleh putaran
dan beban yang diterima oleh mesin. Di sisi lain, operasional
sebuah gasifier cenderung pada interval tertentu, sehingga terjadi
ketidak - sesuaian antara produksi dan konsumsi atau terbuang
sebagian. Dari fakta tersebut diperlukan sistem ceratan untuk
mengalirkan kembali syngas yang terbuang karena sisa
pembakaran mesin DDF ke dalam reaktor. Syngas yang dipakai
berasal dari proses gasifikasi yang dilakukan pada downdraft
gasifier dengan bahan bakar briket MSW.
Mekanisme ceratan gas hasil gasifikasi dilakukan dengan
pemasangan katup pada pipa aliran syn-gas setelah induced fan
menuju reaktor gasifikasi kembali. Syngas hasil ceratan di campur
dengan udara sebagai gasifying agent dengan mixer sebelum
masuk ke blower udara. Pipa aliran dipasang flowmeter untuk
mengetahui aliran syngas maupun udara. Laju alir massa syn-gas
yang dicerat divariasikan mulai 0%, 11%, 23%, dan 54%.
Pengukuran dilakukan terhadap temperatur reaktor, waktu
konsumsi biomassa briket MSW, laju aliran massa syn-gas, dan
laju aliran massa syn-gas yang dicerat. Gas hasil eksperimen
ditangkap menggunakan bagtrap dan di uji laboratorium LPPM ITS untuk mengetahui kualitas syn-gas. Sample briket diuji di
LPPM-ITS untuk mengetahui nilai kalor Briket MSW.
Dari penelitian dan analisa yang telah dilakukan, diketahui
bahwa nilai rasio udara-bahan bakar menurun seiring penambahan
ceratan syn-gas yaitu dari 1,04 – 0,44 dan equivalence ratio dari
0,18 – 0,09. Dengan penambahan ceratan diketahui efisiensi
terbaik terjadi saat penambahan prosentasi ceratan 11% dengan
efisiensi sebesar 66,81%. LHV meningkat seiring penambahan
ceratan dengan LHV terbaik terjadi pada ceratan syn-gas 55%
sebesar 3912,37 kJ/kg. Temperatur kerja gasifikasi cenderung
menurun dengan penambahan ceratan syn-gas. Temperatur kerja
T1 – T5 berada pada kisaran 70, 250, 983, 589, dan 115ᵒC.
Kandungan combustible gas meningkat dan uncombustible gas
menurun seiring dengan penambahan ceratan syn-gas. Nilai kalor
briket MSW sebesar 4698 kJ/kg
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Along with the use of syngas as a fuel mixture of fuel diesel
dual fuel engine (DDF), raises some problems. Consumption of
syngas or oil as fuel is not fixed because it is influenced by the
rotation and loades received by the machine. Beside that,
operating a gasifier tends at certain intervals, resulting in non -
compliance between the production and consumption or partially
wasted. So, it is necessary to drain back the syngas is wasted due
to fuel of DDF engines into reactor with bypass system. Syngas is
derived from the gasification process which carried out in a
downdraft gasifier with briquettes MSW as a biomass.
Bypass mechanism of gasification is done by mounting the
valve on the pipe syn-gas flow after the induced fan back to the
gasifier. Syngas mixed with air as a gasifying agent with a mixer
before entering the air blower. Flowmeter installed in the pipe to
determine the flow of syngas or air flow. Mass flow rate of bypass
syn-gas varied ranging 0%, 11%, 23% and 54%. Measurements
were taken of the temperature of the reactor, while the
consumption of biomass briquettes MSW, mass flow rate of syngas,
and the mass flow rate bypass of syn-gas. Gas captured using
bagtrap and tested in LPPM –ITS laboratory to determine the
quality of the syn-gas. Sample briquettes were tested in LPPM-ITS
to determine the calorific value of MSW briquets.From research and analysis, it is known that the value of
the air-fuel ratio decreases with increasing bypass syn-gas from
1.04 to 0.44 and the equivalence ratio of 0.18 to 0.09. With the
addition of known best bypass efficiency occurred while adding
bypass syn-gas percentage of 11% with an efficiency of 66.81%.
LHV increases with increasing bypass with best LHV occurred in
bypass syn-gas 55% amounting to 3912.37 kJ / kg. Working
temperature bypass gasification tends to decrease with the
addition of syn-gas. Working temperature T1 - T5 are in the range
of 70, 250, 983, 589, and 115ᵒC. The content of combustible gas
got increases and uncombustible gas decreases along with the
addition of bypass syn-gas. The calorific value of MSW briquettes
of 4698 kJ / kg.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | RSM 621.313 Bha s |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Performa; sistem dual-fuel; syn-gas; minyak solar; suhu gas buang; ceratan; gasifikasi; downdraft |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK1087 Photovoltaic power generation |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology > Mechanical Engineering > 21001-(S3) PhD Thesis |
| Depositing User: | ansi aflacha |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Jun 2020 01:44 |
| Last Modified: | 24 Jun 2020 01:44 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/76218 |
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