Pra Desain Pabrik Olein (Minyak Goreng) Premium dan Reguler dari Crude Palm Oil (CPO)

Meutia, Najlaa Ariibah and Putri, Aphrodita Luthfania Eka (2021) Pra Desain Pabrik Olein (Minyak Goreng) Premium dan Reguler dari Crude Palm Oil (CPO). Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Indonesia merupakan negara agraris yang perkembangan ekonominya didukung melalui sektor pertanian yaitu salah satunya kelapa sawit, yang merupakan tanaman penghasil minyak yang hasil olahannya digunakan pada banyak sektor industri. Setiap tahunnya, produksi minyak kelapa sawit mentah (CPO) semakin meningkat dikarenakan kebutuhan CPO baik dalam negeri maupun luar negeri semakin besar. Selain itu pemerintah juga membuat suatu kebijakan yaitu hilirisasi industri minyak sawit Indonesia untuk membantu Indonesia menjadi produsen terbesar turunan dari CPO.
Dengan adanya peluang pasar produk turunan CPO, sehingga dirancang pabrik olein (minyak goreng) dengan kapasitas 370.000 ton/tahun yang dibagi menjadi olein premium dan olein reguler dengan bahan baku crude palm oil (CPO). Pabrik direncanakan mulai konstruksi di Kabupaten Asahan, Sumatera Utara pada tahun 2023. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengolah bahan baku crude palm oil menjadi olein (minyak goreng) premium dan reguler adalah physical refinery dan dry fractionation.
Proses terdiri dari 2 tahapan, yaitu proses refinery dan proses fraksinasi. Proses refinery dimulai dengan degumming untuk menghilangkan getah dengan penambahan asam fosfat, kemudian bleaching untuk menghilangkan pengotor dengan penambahan adsorben, lalu filtrasi dan deodorisasi untuk menghilangkan bau dan warna. Proses fraksinasi terdiri dari kristalisasi dan filtrasi untuk memisahkan minyak antara fraksi cair dengan fraksi padatnya. Fraksi cair berupa olein (minyak goreng) dan fraksi padat berupa stearin yang diolah lebih lanjut menjadi margarin.
Pabrik berbentuk perseroan terbatas dengan kebutuhan bahan baku CPO sebesar 653.503,82 ton/tahun. Total investasi pabrik senilai Rp. 766.306.783.110,6 dan total biaya produksi Rp. 5.866.275.207.915,7. Perkiraan hasil penjualan untuk kapasitas pabrik 100% senilai Rp. 7.261.602.636.132 per tahun. Analisa ekonomi menghasilkan internal rate of return (IRR) senilai 54,72%, dan pay out time (POT) pada 1,45 tahun sehingga pabrik layak didirikan.
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Indonesia is an agrarian country in which economic development supported by agricultural sector, where Palm tree plantation is one of them. Palm tree is an oil-producing plant, and its processed products are used in many industrial sectors. Each year, palm oil (CPO) production increases more due to the needs of CPO in both domestic and international getting bigger. Furthermore, the government also made a policy of downstream of Indonesia's palm oil industry to help the country to be the largest palm oil downstream producing country.
With the market opportunity of CPO downstream product being available, an olein (cooking oil) plant design with 370,000 tons/year capacity divided by two kinds of product, premium olein and regular olein from crude palm oil (CPO) is made. The plant is planned to be constructed in Asahan regency, North Sumatra in 2023. The methods chosen to process the raw material crude palm oil to premium and regular olein (cookiing oil) are physical refinery and dry fractionation.
The process is divided into two sections, refinery process and fractionation process. Refinery process starts with degumming to remove gum from the oil with phosphoric acid, then bleaching to remove impurities with an adsorbent, filtration, and deodorization to remove odor and color. Fractionation process consists of crystallization and filtration to separate the oil between the liquid and the solid fraction. The liquid fraction is olein (cooking oil) and the solid fraction is stearin, which to be processed further to get margarine.
The raw material CPO needed for this plant is 653.503,82 tons/year. Total investment of the plant is Rp. 766.306.783.110,6 and total production cost is Rp. 5.866.275.207.915,7. Estimated sales revenue for 100% plant capacity is Rp. 7.261.602.636.132 per year. The economic analysis resulted in positive value of net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR) is 54.72%, and the pay out time is 1.45 year therefore the plant is feasible to be established.

Item Type:	Thesis (Undergraduate)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Crude Palm Oil, Fraksinasi, Olein
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP156 Crystallization. Extraction (Chemistry). Fermentation. Distillation. Emulsions. T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP370 Food processing and manufacture T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP669 Oils, fats, and waxes T Technology > TS Manufactures > TS176 Manufacturing engineering. Process engineering (Including manufacturing planning, production planning)
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Najlaa Ariibah Meutia
Date Deposited:	10 Mar 2021 01:48
Last Modified:	10 Mar 2021 01:48
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/83975

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