Wardhana, Adian Galihditya Sinarto and Chandra, Wilbert (2023) Pra-Desain Pabrik Garam Industri dari Garam Rakyat dengan Metode Vacuum Pan. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
![[thumbnail of 02211940000065_02211940000074-Undergraduate_Thesis.pdf]](http://repository.its.ac.id/style/images/fileicons/text.png) |
Text
02211940000065_02211940000074-Undergraduate_Thesis.pdf - Accepted Version Restricted to Repository staff only until 3 October 2025. Download (2MB) | Request a copy |
Abstract
Garam industri digunakan dalam berbagai sektor industri seperti perminyakan, tekstil, dan penyamakan kulit dengan persyaratan kandungan NaCl di atas 97,5%. Industri petrokimia membutuhkan kandungan NaCl di atas 96%, sementara industri farmasi memerlukan kandungan NaCl di atas 99,8%. Produksi garam menjadi perhatian nasional karena meningkatnya kebutuhan garam seiring dengan pertumbuhan penduduk dan industri. Namun, produksi garam dalam negeri belum mampu memenuhi kebutuhan nasional baik dari segi kualitas maupun kuantitas. Solusi yang dapat dilakukan adalah membangun pabrik garam industri baru dengan kapasitas yang besar untuk mengurangi impor garam industri dan memanfaatkan garam rakyat.Pembuatan garam menggunakan proses vacuum pan melibatkan tiga tahap utama. Tahap pertama adalah pemurnian bahan baku, dimulai dengan melarutkan NaCl 80,12% dalam tangki pelarut untuk membentuk larutan brine. Brine kemudian dipompa ke reaktor untuk bereaksi dengan Caustic soda, Barium Chloride, dan Soda Ash. Selanjutnya, larutan dialirkan ke tangki flokulator dan kemudian ke clarifier untuk memisahkan sludge dan filtrat melalui proses sedimentasi. Tahap kedua adalah penguapan dan pengeringan. Proses ini melibatkan penggunaan multiple effect evaporator dan crystalizer untuk menguapkan larutan brine dan membentuk kristal garam. Setelah itu, padatan dan cairan dipisahkan menggunakan centrifuge, dan kristal garam yang terbentuk dikeringkan menggunakan rotary dryer. Tahap terakhir adalah pengolahan produk. Pada tahap ini, kristal garam digerus menggunakan crusher setelah didistribusikan melalui screw conveyor. Selanjutnya, garam diseleksi menggunakan vibrator screen dengan ukuran 100 mesh sebelum ditampung di tangki penyimpanan.Kapasitas produksi pabrik garam industri ini mencapai 250.000 ton per tahun, dengan kebutuhan bahan baku sebanyak 40515,051 kg per hari. Pabrik ini beroperasi secara kontinyu selama 24 jam per hari, selama 330 hari operasi per tahun. Untuk mendukung proses produksi, dibutuhkan pasokan air sebanyak 124638 kg per jam, NaOH sebanyak 3449,288 kg per jam, Na2CO3 815,36 kg per jam, BaCl2 4970,83 kg per jam, dan PAC 19,098 kg per jam. Total modal tetap (FCI) untuk pabrik ini adalah sebesar Rp395.426.082.651 ; modal kerja (WCI) sebesar Rp69.781.073.409; dan modal total (TCI) mencapai Rp465.207.156.060. Biaya produksi per tahun (TPC) diperkirakan sebesar Rp380.844.779.071, dengan estimasi penjualan pertahun sebesar Rp875.000.000.000. Hasil analisis menunjukkan nilai IRR sebesar 57,43 %, POT 3,67
tahun, dan NPV sebesar Rp1.376.635.046.119,06 (bernilai positif), menandakan bahwa pendirian pabrik garam industri ini merupakan pilihan yang layak.
============================================================================================================================
Industrial salt is used in various industrial sectors such as oil and gas, textiles, and leather tanning, with a requirement for NaCl content above 97.5%. The petrochemical industry requires NaCl content above 96%, while the pharmaceutical industry requires NaCl content above 99.8%. Salt production has become a national concern due to the increasing demand for salt along with population and industrial growth. However, domestic salt production is unable to meet national needs in terms of both quality and quantity. The solution that can be done is to build a new large-capacity industrial salt plant to reduce the import of industrial salt and utilize domestic salt.The production of salt using the vacuum pan process involves three main stages. The first stage is raw material purification, starting with dissolving 80.12% NaCl in the solvent tank to form a brine solution. The brine is then pumped into the reactor to react with caustic soda, barium chloride, and soda ash. Next, the solution is flowed into the flocculator tank and then into the clarifier to separate sludge and filtrate through the sedimentation process.
The second stage is evaporation and drying. This process involves the use of multiple effect evaporators and crystallizers to evaporate the brine solution and form salt crystals. After that,solids and liquids are separated using a centrifuge, and the formed salt crystals are dried using a rotary dryer. The final stage is product processing. In this stage, the salt crystals are crushed using a crusher after being distributed through a screw conveyor. Subsequently, the salt is screened using a vibrating screen with a 100-mesh size before being stored in storage tanks. The production capacity of this industrial salt plant reaches 250,000 tons per year, with a raw material requirement of 40515,051 kg per day. The plant operates continuously 24 hours a day, for 330 days of operation per year. To support the production process, water supply of 124638 kg per hour is required, along with 3449,288kg per hour of NaOH, 815,36 kg kg per hour of Na2CO3, 4970,83 kg per hour of BaCl2, and 19,098 kg per hour of PAC. Total fixed capital investment (FCI) for this plant is Rp395.426.082.651 ; working capital investment (WCI) is Rp69.781.073.409, and total capital investment (TCI) amounts to Rp465.207.156.060. The estimated annual production cost (TPC) is Rp380.844.779.071, with estimated sales of Rp875.000.000.000 per year. The analysis results show an internal rate of return (IRR) of 57,43 %, a payback period of 3,67 years, and a net present value (NPV) of Rp1.376.635.046.119,06 (positive value), indicating that establishing this industrial salt plant is a viable choice.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Garam industri, Metode Vacuum Pan, Rekristalisasi Garam, Industrial Grade Salt, Vacuum pan method, Salt Recrystallization |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Adian Galihditya Sinarto Wardhana |
| Date Deposited: | 28 Jul 2023 02:26 |
| Last Modified: | 28 Jul 2023 02:26 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/100531 |
Actions (login required)
 |
View Item |