Maharani, Kandi (2023) Pemodelan Travel Behavior Pengguna Layanan Pengiriman Barang Berbasis Ridesourcing Kota Surabaya. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Beberapa penelitian terdahulu mendiskusikan transportasi publik, taman, dan jalan sebagai bagian dari sharing-economy di mana pada bidang transportasi prinsip ini digunakan pada beberapa layanan transportasi termasuk pengiriman barang dan ridesourcing. Tingginya angka layanan berbasis ridesourcing ternyata menimbulkan disrupsi terhadap layanan konvensional, sistem transportasi perkotaan, hingga berkontribusi pada kemacetan. Saat ini, penelitian terkait dengan ridesourcing terus berkembang. Namun belum banyak penelitian yang melakukan eksplorasi terkait bagaimana travel behavior dipengaruhi oleh built environment (termasuk city compactness) melalui analisis space-time prism. Penelitian ini ingin mendalami terkait pengaruh lingkungan binaan tempat pengguna tinggal ataupun beraktivitas terhadap pola penggunaan layanan ini. Hal ini mengingat penelitian sebelumnya menemukan bentuk urban form yang kompak lebih mendukung ke arah travel behavior yang lebih efisien atau berkelanjutan, akan tetapi bagaimana pengaruhnya terhadap travel behavior berbasis ridesourcing belum diketahui. Untuk mengidentifikasi Compactness Level Kota Surabaya per Kecamatan, digunakan metode Urban Compactness Assessment dengan analisis pembobotan. Sedangkan untuk mengetahui korelasi Urban Compactness Level dengan karakteristik pengguna layanan pengiriman barang berbasis ridesourcing, digunakan metode analisis Multiple Linear Regression dan 2-Stage Least Square (2SLS) Linear Regression. Hasil analisis faktor membentuk dua kelompok komponen layanan: (Layanan 1) Non-Food and Package out of the city dan (Layanan 2) Food and Package in the city. Berdasarkan hasil Uji Beda, terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dalam jarak antara model "compact area" dan "non compact area" pada Kelompok 1 dan Kelompok 2. Namun, tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan dalam frekuensi dan biaya antara model "compact area" dan "non compact area" baik pada Kelompok 1 maupun Kelompok 2. Hasil analisis Multiple Linear Regression menunjukkan hanya jarak luar kota yang dipengaruhi oleh compactness level. Namun, travel behavior tetap dipengaruhi variabel lain secara signifikan: umur dan status pekerjaan memengaruhi frekuensi layanan 1 (selanjutnya disebut frekuensi 1); jenis kelamin dan status pekerjaan memengaruhi frekuensi layanan 2 (selanjutnya disebut frekuensi 2); umur memengaruhi jarak layanan 1 (selanjutnya disebut jarak 1); jenis kelamin memengaruhi jarak layanan 2 (selanjutnya disebut jarak 2); status pekerjaan memengaruhi biaya layanan 1 (selanjutnya disebut biaya 1); tingkat pendapatan memengaruhi biaya layanan 2 (selanjutnya disebut biaya 2). Sedangkan faktor time-space prism berpengaruh terhadap travel behavior dengan rincian: kegiatan maintenance dalam rumah, belanja online, serta travel time memengaruhi frekuensi seluruh jenis layanan; Kegiatan bersosialisasi luar rumah memengaruhi jarak layanan 1; Kegiatan belanja online dan Kegiatan bersosialisasi luar rumah memengaruhi jarak layanan 2; Kegiatan belanja online memengaruhi biaya layanan 1; kegiatan maintenance dalam rumah serta sosialisasi dalam rumah memengaruhi biaya layanan 2. Sedangkan 2-Stage Least Square (2SLS) Linear Regression menunjukkan variabel kegiatan belanja online berpengaruh signifikan pada model first stage Frekuensi 1 dan Jarak 1, terhadap Frekuensi 1. Variabel kegiatan belanja online berpengaruh signifikan pada model second stage Jarak 1 dan Biaya 1, terhadap Biaya 1. Variabel umur, status pekerjaan, travel time, dan kegiatan belanja online berpengaruh signifikan pada model first stage Frekuensi 2 dan Biaya 2, terhadap Frekuensi 2. Variabel kegiatan belanja online dan kegiatan bersosialisasi di luar rumah berpengaruh signifikan pada model first stage Jarak 2 dan Biaya 2. Model regresi linier menyebutkan bahwa urban compactness berpengaruh terhadap jarak pengiriman layanan tetapi tidak mempengaruhi tingkat adopsi layanan. Model 2SLS menemukan bahwa semakin lama aktivitas belanja online seseorang berkorelasi dengan semakin tingginya mereka dalam mengadopsi layanan maupun jumlah jarak dan biayanya. Hasil ini merekomendasikan lingkungan binaan yang kompak dapat mengurangi jarak ridesourcing tapi tidak mengurangi kemacetan yg ditimbulkan oleh semakin ramainya penggunaan ridesourcing di masyarakat. Perubahan lifestyle ke arah kebiasaan belanja online ternyata juga berkontribusi terhadap tingginya adopsi ridesourcing yang akhirnya akan mempengaruhi kemacetan kota.
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Several previous studies have discussed public transportation, parks and roads as part of a sharing-economy where in the transportation sector this principle is used in several transportation services including freight forwarding and ridesourcing. The high number of ridesourcing-based services actually causes disruption to conventional services, urban transportation systems, and thus contributes to congestion. Currently, research related to ridesourcing continues to grow. However, not much research has explored how travel behavior is affected by the built environment (including city compactness) through space-time prism analysis. This research wants to explore the influence of the built environment where users live or do activities on the pattern of using this service. This is because previous research found that compact urban forms are more supportive towards more efficient or sustainable travel behavior, but how this affects ridesourcing-based travel behavior is unknown. To identify the Compactness Level of Surabaya City per District, the Urban Compactness Assessment method is used with weighting analysis. Meanwhile, to determine the correlation of Urban Compactness Level with the characteristics of users of ridesourcing-based goods delivery services, the Multiple Linear Regression and 2-Stage Least Square (2SLS) Linear Regression analysis methods are used. The results of the factor analysis form two groups of service components: (Service 1) Non-Food and Package out of the city and (Service 2) Food and Package in the city. Based on the results of the Difference Test, there was a significant difference in the distance between the "compact area" and "non compact area" models in Group 1 and Group 2. However, there was no significant difference in the frequency and costs between the "compact area" and "non compact area" models. compact area" in both Group 1 and Group 2. The results of the Multiple Linear Regression analysis show that only the distance outside the city is affected by the compactness level. However, travel behavior is still significantly influenced by other variables: age and employment status affect service frequency 1 (hereinafter referred to as frequency 1); gender and employment status affect service frequency 2 (hereinafter referred to as frequency 2); age affects service distance 1 (hereinafter referred to as distance 1); gender affects service distance 2 (hereinafter referred to as distance 2); employment status affects service fee 1 (hereinafter referred to as fee 1); the level of income affects the cost of service 2 (hereinafter referred to as cost 2). Meanwhile, the time-space prism factor influences travel behavior with details: maintenance activities at home, online shopping, and travel time affect the frequency of all types of services; Socializing activities outside the home affect service distance 1; Online shopping activities and out-of-home socializing activities affect service distance 2; Online shopping activities affect service costs 1; maintenance activities at home and socialization at home affect service costs 2. While the 2-Stage Least Square (2SLS) Linear Regression shows that online shopping activity variables have a significant effect on the first stage model Frequency 1 and Distance 1, on Frequency 1. Online shopping activity variables have an effect significant in the second stage model Distance 1 and Cost 1, to Cost 1. Variables age, employment status, travel time, and online shopping activities have a significant effect on the first stage model Frequency 2 and Cost 2, to Frequency 2. Variables of online shopping activities and activities socializing outside the home has a significant effect on the first stage model Distance 2 and Cost 2. The linear regression model states that urban compactness affects the distance of service delivery but does not affect the level of service adoption. The 2SLS model finds that the longer a person's online shopping activity is correlated with the higher their adoption of the service as well as the amount of distance and cost. These results recommend that a compact built environment can reduce the distance of ridesourcing but does not reduce the congestion caused by the increasing use of ridesourcing in society. Lifestyle changes towards online shopping habits also contribute to the high adoption of ridesourcing which will eventually affect city congestion.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Ridesourcing, travel behaviour, travel distance, travel cost, compact city, urban compactness level |
| Subjects: | H Social Sciences > HE Transportation and Communications > HE311.I4 Urban transportation H Social Sciences > HE Transportation and Communications > HE336.C5 Choice of transportation |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Regional & Urban Planning > 35201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Kandi Maharani |
| Date Deposited: | 08 Aug 2023 15:11 |
| Last Modified: | 08 Aug 2023 15:11 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/101848 |
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