Isolasi Dan Karakterisasi Nanokristalin Selulosa Dari Limbah Kulit Biji Nyamplung (Calophyllum Inophyllum) Melalui Hidrolisis Asam Laktat

Melenia, Alvina Tata (2023) Isolasi Dan Karakterisasi Nanokristalin Selulosa Dari Limbah Kulit Biji Nyamplung (Calophyllum Inophyllum) Melalui Hidrolisis Asam Laktat. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Calophyllum inophyllum (nyamplung) merupakan pohon tropis yang tumbuh secara alami di area pantai hingga pegunungan. Sekitar 60% kulit biji nyamplung dibuang sebagai limbah dalam proses pengolahan. Pada penelitian ini digunakan lignoselulosa dari limbah kulit biji nyamplung sebagai sumber selulosa dalam sintesis nanokristalin selulosa (NCC). Isolasi nanokristalin selulosa (NCC) dari limbah kulit biji nyamplung berhasil dilakukan melalui perlakuan mekanik dan kimiawi, termasuk pretreatment (alkalisasi dan bleaching) serta refinement (hidrolisis asam dan ultrasonikasi). Limbah kulit biji nyamplung diberi pretreatment dengan NaOH 2.5 % dan NaClO 1 % menghasilkan selulosa. Proses refinement melalui hidrolisis asam laktat 6 M serta ultrasonikasi 15 menit menghasilkan NCC. Berdasarkan uji lignoselulosa didapat bahwa kadar selulosa sebesar 59.72 %. Hasil karakterisasi dengan Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), terlihat bahwa nyamplung memiliki karakteristik tinggi pada hemiselulosa. Penurunan intensitas puncak pada 1532 cm−1 terkait dengan pengurangan kadar lignin seiring dengan perlakuan kimia yang diberikan. Karakterisasi dengan X-ray Diffraction (XRD) menunjukkan bahwa NCC memiliki struktur amorf dengan indeks kristalinitas sebesar 33.9 %. Karakterisasi dengan Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) dan Differential Thermal Analysis (DTG) untuk mengetahui stabilitas termal (Tmax) dari selulosa pada 393 °C dan NCC pada 334 °C. Karakterisasi Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) terlihat bahwa semua sampel memiliki bentuk batang. Hasil analisis dengan Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) telah mengkonfirmasi bahwa NCC memiliki berbentuk akar dengan distribusi diameter yang berkisar antara 4 hingga 22 nm. Hasil SEM dan TEM menunjukkan perubahan morfologi pada selulosa menjadi NCC. NCC memiliki dispersibilitas yang tinggi, menghasilkan struktur partikel yang lebih kecil. Dengan demikian, NCC memiliki indeks kristalinitas dan stabilitas termal yang relatif rendah dibandingkan dengan selulosa.
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Calophyllum inophyllum (nyamplung) is a tropical tree that naturally grows in coastal areas up to the mountains. Approximately 60% of nyamplung seed peels are discarded as waste during the processing. In this study, lignocellulose from nyamplung seed peel waste was used as a source of cellulose for the synthesis of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC). The isolation of NCC from nyamplung seed peel waste was successfully achieved through mechanical and chemical treatments, including pretreatment (alkalization and bleaching) and refinement (acid hydrolysis and ultrasonication). The pretreatment of nyamplung seed peel waste with 2.5 % NaOH and 1 % NaClO resulted in cellulose production. The refinement process involving 6 M lactic acid hydrolysis and 15 minutes of ultrasonication produced NCC. Based on lignocellulose analysis, the cellulose content was found to be 59.72 %. According to Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) characterization, it is observed that nyamplung has high characteristics of hemicellulose. The decrease in peak intensity at 1532 cm−1 is associated with the reduction in lignin content due to the chemical treatments applied. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) characterization reveals that NCC has an amorphous structure with a crystallinity index of 33.9 %. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTG) were conducted to determine the thermal stability (Tmax) of cellulose at 393 °C and NCC at 334 °C. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) characterization shows that all samples exhibit rod-shaped morphology. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis has confirmed that NCC has a root-like structure with a diameter distribution ranging from 4 to 22 nm. SEM and TEM results indicate the morphological transformation from cellulose to NCC. NCC exhibits high dispersibility, resulting in smaller particle structures. Consequently, NCC has relatively lower crystallinity index and thermal stability compared to cellulose

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Calophyllum inophyllum, NCC, Hidrolisis Asam Laktat; Calophyllum inophyllum, NCC, Lactic Acid hydrolysis
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP156 Crystallization. Extraction (Chemistry). Fermentation. Distillation. Emulsions.
Divisions:	Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Chemistry > 47201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Alvina Tata Melenia
Date Deposited:	05 Sep 2023 01:13
Last Modified:	05 Sep 2023 01:13
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/102427

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