Budi, Istana (2023) Karakterisasi Sifat Fisik, Mekanik, dan Akustik Komposit Serat Pelepah Kelapa Sawit Bermatrik Urea Formaldehida Sebagai Material Akustik Berkelanjutan. Doctoral thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Limbah pelepah kelapa sawit merupakan salah satu limbah perkebunan kelapa sawit yang memiliki potensi besar. Limbah ini dapat dimanfaatkan dan diolah menjadi produk dalam pembuatan komposit akustik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki karakteristik akustik, fisik dan mekaniknya dari material komposit berpenguat serat alam pelepah kelapa sawit bermatriks urea formaldehida (UF). Tiga parameter dirumuskan yaitu pengaruh perlakuan alkali pada serat, pengaruh densitas serta pangaruh ukuran partikel terhadap kemampuan akustik. Parameter perlakuan mengacu pada partikel tanpa perlakuan, 60 dan 180 menit perendaman dalam larutan 2% NaOH. Tiga variasi ukuran partikel ditentukan yaitu partikel kecil, partikel sedang, dan partikel besar. Densitas komposit ditentukan menjadi empat, yaitu 0,3, 0,4, 0,5, dan 0,6 g/cm3. Komposit dibuat dengan menggunakan perekat Urea Formaldehida 10% kemudian hot press pada tekanan 1.8 Mpa, temperatur 140OC selama 5 menit. Pengujian akustik meliputi uji Sound Absorption Coeffecient (SAC), Noise Reduction Coefficient (NRC), Sound Transmission Loss (STL), Sound Transmission Class (STC). Pengujian sifat fisik meliputi uji kerapatan, kadar air, pengembangan tebal dan daya serap air. Pengujian mekanik meliputi Modulus of Elasticity (MOE), Modulus of Rupture (MOR) dan, Internal Bonding Strength (IB). Interaksi perekatan antara filler dan matriks di analisis menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Perlakuan Alkali, ukuran partikel serta densitas memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap karakteristik akustik, fisik dan mekanik. Nilai SAC mencapai α 0,99 di frekuensi 3528 Hz dan nilai STL mencapai 64,7 dB pada panel tanpa perlakuan. Nilai NRC dan STC tertinggi yaitu 0,4 dan 62 dB pada sampel dengan perlakuan 180 menit alkali. Panel akustik yang dihasilkan memiliki kestabilan dimensi dan ketahanan terhadap kelembaban yang cukup baik dengan kadar air berkisar antara 8,87 – 12,01% serta pengembangan tebal mencapai 146,44%. Karakteristik mekanik terbaik didapat pada panel densitas 0,6 g/cm3 dengan ukuran partikel sedang tanpa perlakuan yaitu MOE: 533,53 N/mm2, MOR: 6,18 N/mm2 dan Internal Bonding: 0,388 N/mm2. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi berupa penggunaan bahan limbah kelapa sawit yang berkelanjutan menjadi produk baru, yang memiliki relevansi besar, tidak hanya dari aspek aspek lingkungan, tetapi juga sosial dan ekonomi di Indonesia.
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Palm frond residue is one of the valuable wastes from palm oil plantations. This refuse can be repurposed and transformed into materials for the production of acoustic composites. This study aims to investigate the acoustic, physical, and mechanical characteristics of a composite material reinforced with natural fiber palm fronds and a urea-formaldehyde (UF) as a matrix. Three parameters are formulated, namely the effect of alkali treatment on the fiber, the effect of density and the effect of particle size on acoustic performance. The treatment parameter refers to the particles without treatment, 60 and 180 minutes of 2% alkaline immersion. Three variations of particle size were determined with small, medium, and large particles. Composite densities were determined with 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 g/cm3 . The composite was made using hot pressed at a pressure of 1.8 MPa, temperature of 140OC for 5 minutes with 10% Urea Formaldehyde resin. Acoustic testing includes the Sound Absorption Coefficient (SAC), Noise Reduction Coefficient (NRC), Sound Transmission Loss (STL) and Sound Transmission Class (STC) tests. Tests for physical properties include tests of density, moisture content, thickness swelling and water absorption. Mechanical testing includes Modulus of Elasticity (MOE), Modulus of Rupture (MOR) and Internal Bonding Strength (IB). The bonding interaction between filler and matrix was analyzed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Alkaline treatment, particle size and density of composite has a significant effect on acoustic, physical, and mechanical characteristics. The SAC value reached α 0.99 at a frequency of 3528 Hz and the STL value reached 64.7 dB on the untreated panel. The highest NRC and STC values were 0.4 and 62 dB in samples treated with 180 minutes of alkali. The dimensional stability and moisture resistance with moisture content ranging from 8.87 – 12.01% and thickness swell reaching 146.44%. The best mechanical characteristics were obtained from panels with a density of 0.6 g/cm3 , medium particle size without treatment, MOE: 533.53 N/mm2 , MOR: 6.18 N/mm2 and Internal Bonding: 0.388 N/mm2 . The results of this study have the potential to lead to the use of sustainable palm oil waste materials in novel products, which has a significant impact and great relevance not only from environmental aspects but also from social and economic aspects in Indonesia.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doctoral) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Acoustic, direct alkalization, composites, Oil palm fronds, Urea Formaldehyde, Akustik, alkalisasi langsung, komposit, pelepah kelapa sawit, Urea Formaldehida. |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QC Physics > QC173.4.C63 Composite materials Q Science > QC Physics > QC221 Acoustics. Sound T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD892 Noise control T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP1140 Polymers |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21001-(S3) PhD Thesis |
| Depositing User: | budi istana |
| Date Deposited: | 28 Nov 2023 08:50 |
| Last Modified: | 28 Nov 2023 08:50 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/102482 |
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