Studi Numerik Dua Turbin Hidrokinetik Savonius yang Berputar Searah dan Disusun Side by Side di Dalam Kanal

Shabrina, Dhia Fairuz (2023) Studi Numerik Dua Turbin Hidrokinetik Savonius yang Berputar Searah dan Disusun Side by Side di Dalam Kanal. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Peningkatan jumlah penduduk di Indonesia mengakibatkan peningkatan konsumsi listrik. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan listrik, energi baru dan terbarukan seperti energi air perlu dimanfaatkan untuk mulai menggantikan energi fosil yang terus berkurang. Energi air dapat dipanen dengan turbin hidrokinetik. Salah satu jenis turbin hidrokinetik yang memiliki konstruksi sederhana dan dapat bekerja pada kecepatan air yang rendah adalah turbin Savonius. Namun, jenis turbin ini memiliki efisiensi yang rendah. Untuk memanfaatkan ruang pada kanal dan mengatasi daya keluaran yang rendah, turbin Savonius dapat dipasang bersebelahan (side by side). Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jarak separasi turbin pada performa turbin hidrokinetik Savonius ganda yang berputar searah dan dipasang side by side di dalam kanal. Penelitian ini juga dilakukan untuk mendapatkan jarak optimum pemasangan turbin ganda.
Simulasi dua dimensi dilakukan dengan ANSYS Fluent. Domain simulasi terbagi menjadi fixed dan rotating zone. Boundary condition ditentukan sebagai velocity inlet, pressure outlet, dan wall dinding kanal dan sudu turbin. Model turbulensi yang digunakan adalah realizable k-ε. Dilakukan grid independency test dan validasi simulasi untuk memastikan keakuratan meshing dan setup solver. Rasio jarak pusat turbin terhadap diameter sudu turbin (S/D) divariasikan sebesar 2,00; 2,33; 2,67; 3,00 dan 3,33. Kecepatan inlet air ditentukan sebesar 0,25 m/s. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah grafik coefficient of moment (Cm) dan coefficient of power (CoP) terhadap tip speed ratio (TSR), grafik coefficient of static torque dan coefficient of moment terhadap posisi sudut sudu, grafik coefficient of pressure terhadap diameter turbin, serta kontur kecepatan dan tekanan aliran di sekitar turbin.
Berdasarkan analisis hasil, didapatkan bahwa turbin hidrokinetik Savonius ganda yang berputar searah dan disusun side by side di dalam kanal memiliki nilai CoP dan Cm yang lebih tinggi dan rentang operasi TSR yang lebih lebar, tetapi memiliki kemampuan self-starting yang lebih buruk daripada turbin tunggal di dalam kanal. Salah satu turbin memiliki nilai CoP dan Cm yang lebih tinggi, tetapi memiliki kemampuan self-starting yang lebih buruk daripada turbin lainnya. Seiring peningkatan nilai S/D, performa rata-rata turbin ganda menurun. Nilai S/D = 2,33 memberikan performa turbin ganda terbaik dengan peningkatan CoP maksimum relatif terhadap turbin tunggal masing-masing turbin sebesar 89% dan 178%.
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The increase in Indonesia's population has resulted in a rise in electricity consumption. To meet the growing demand for electricity, renewable energy such as hydro energy needs to be used to replace depleting fossil fuels. Hydro energy can be harvested using hydrokinetic turbines, with the Savonius turbine being one type that has a simple construction and can work at low water velocity. However, this turbine has a low efficiency. To utilize the space in the channel and overcome the low power, Savonius turbines can be installed side by side. Therefore, this research was conducted to investigate the effect of the turbines’ separation distance on the performance of two co-rotating Savonius hydrokinetic turbines that were installed side by side in a narrow channel. This research was also conducted to determine the optimum spacing for the turbines.
Two-dimensional simulations were conducted using ANSYS Fluent. The simulation domain was divided into fixed and rotating zones. Boundary conditions were set as velocity inlet, pressure outlet, and wall for the channel walls and turbine blades. The turbulence model used was realizable k-ε. Grid independency test and validation were performed to ensure meshing and solver setup accuracy. The ratio of the center-to-center distance between turbines to the turbine blade diameter (S/D) was varied at 2.00, 2.33, 2.67, 3.00, and 3.33. The inlet water velocity was set at 0.25 m/s. The obtained results were graphs of the coefficient of moment (Cm) and coefficient of power (CoP) against the tip speed ratio (TSR), graphs of the coefficient of static torque and coefficient of moment against the turbine blade angle position, graphs of the coefficient of pressure against the turbine diameter, as well as velocity and pressure contours around the turbine.
Based on the analysis of the results, it was found that the two co-rotating Savonius hydrokinetic turbines arranged side by side in a narrow channel had higher CoP and Cm values and wider TSR operating ranges, but with poorer self-starting capabilities compared to a single turbine in the channel. One of the turbines showed higher CoP and Cm values but with worse self-starting capability than the other. As the S/D ratio increased, the average performance of the two turbines decreased. The S/D value of 2.33 provided the best turbines’ performance with a maximum CoP increase for each turbine compared to a single turbine of 89% and 178%, respectively.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Berputar Searah, Hidrokinetik, Kanal, Savonius, Side by Side
Subjects:	T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA357 Computational fluid dynamics. Fluid Mechanics T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ808 Renewable energy sources. Energy harvesting.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Dhia Fairuz Shabrina
Date Deposited:	05 Aug 2023 01:38
Last Modified:	05 Aug 2023 01:38
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/102967

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