Karakteristik Mikroplastik pada Spons Laut di Perairan Pasir Putih, Situbondo

Fauziah, Natasya Febriani (2023) Karakteristik Mikroplastik pada Spons Laut di Perairan Pasir Putih, Situbondo. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Mikroplastik merupakan fragmen plastik dalam rentang ukuran >1 μm hingga <5 mm. Mikroplastik menjadi perhatian global karena keberadaannya pada berbagai ekosistem hingga tubuh organisme dan kecenderungannya untuk memberikan dampak negatif bagi organisme. Dikarenakan ukurannya yang kecil, mikroplastik dapat dengan mudah tertelan oleh organisme laut, tak terkecuali spons laut. Sebagai organisme filter feeder spons laut dapat mengakumulasi mikroplastik ke dalam tubuhnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakter fisik dan kimia serta kelimpahan mikroplastik pada spons laut dan air laut dari pesisir Pasir Putih, Situbondo. Sampel air laut diambil dari dua lokasi yaitu, Batu Lawang (BL) dan Nemo (NM), dengan masing-masing lokasi pada dua kedalaman berbeda, yaitu pada permukaan air (BL I dan NM I) dan pada perairan dekat dasar dimana spons ditemukan (±6 meter/ BL II dan ±8 meter/ NM II). Sampel spons laut Xestospongia testudinaria dan Aaptos suberitiodes dikoleksi dari lokasi BL dan Clathria sp. dari lokasi NM, dengan 10 replikasi pada masing-masing spesies. Analisis karakteristik fisik (ukuran, warna, dan bentuk) dilakukan menggunakan mikroskop stereo dan optilab, serta karakteristik kimia (tipe polimer) dianalisis dengan ATR-FTIR. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji ANOVA one-way dengan uji lanjutan berupa uji Tukey’s post-hoc. Berdasarkan penelitian, didapatkan hasil kelimpahan mikroplastik pada air laut dari lokasi BL lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan lokasi NM, dengan kelimpahan cenderung lebih tinggi pada perairan dekat dasar dibandingkan dengan permukaan air. Didapatkan kelimpahan mikroplastik pada air laut titik BL I sebanyak 20 partikel/L, BL II sebanyak 33 partikel/L, NM I sebanyak 37 Partikel/L, serta pada NM II sebanyak 84 partikel/L. Pada spons laut, rata-rata kelimpahan mikroplastik pada X. testudinaria sebanyak 606 partikel/10 gram BB dan A. suberitoides sebanyak 668 partikel/10 gram BB (sig. 0.388 (p>0.05)), dimana tidak terdapat perbedaan kelimpahan yang signifikan pada kedua spesies. Sedangkan Clathria sp. memiliki rata-rata kelimpahan sebanyak 866 partikel/10 gram BB (sig. 0.000 (p<0.05)), kelimpahan berbeda secara signifikan dibandingkan dengan kedua spesies lainnya. Karakter fisik yang mendominasi pada sampel air dan spons laut adalah mikroplastik dengan kelompok ukuran kecil (0 – 20 µm, 20 – 40 µm, 40 – 60 µm), berwarna hitam, dan berbentuk fragmen. Karakter kimia (tipe polimer) yang teridentifikasi pada sampel air dan pada spons laut adalah polypropylene (PP).
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Microplastics are plastic fragments in the size range of >1 μm to <5 mm. Microplastics are a global concern because of their presence in various ecosystems down to the bodies of organisms and their tendency to have a negative impact on organisms. Due to their small size, microplastics can easily be ingested by marine organisms, including marine sponges. As a filter feeder organism, marine sponges can accumulate microplastics into their bodies. This study aims to analyze the physical and chemical characteristics as well as the abundance of microplastics in marine sponges and seawater from the coast of Pasir Putih, Situbondo. Seawater samples were taken from two locations, namely, Batu Lawang (BL) and Nemo (NM), with each location at two different depths, namely at the water surface (BL I and NM I) and in the depth where sponges are found (±6 meters/BL II and ±8 meters/NM II). Samples of marine sponges Xestospongia testudinaria and Aaptos suberitiodes were collected from BL and Clathria sp. from the NM location, with 10 replicates in each species. Analysis of physical characteristics (size, color, and shape) was performed using a stereomicroscope and optilab, and chemical characteristics (polymer type) were analyzed using ATR-FTIR. Statistical analysis used a one-way ANOVA test with a follow-up test in the form of a Tukey's post-hoc test. Result shows the abundance of microplastics in seawater from the BL location was less than the NM location, with the abundance tending to be higher in the water column compared to the water surface. The abundance of microplastics in seawater at BL I point was 20 particles/L, BL II was 33 particles/L, NM I was 37 particles/L, and at NM II was 84 particles/L. In marine sponges, the average abundance of microplastics in X. testudinaria was 606 particles/10 gram WW and A. suberitoides was 668 particles/10 gram WW (sig. 0.388 (p>0.05)), where there was no significant difference in abundance between both species. While Clathria sp. had an average abundance of 866 particles/10 gram WW (sig. 0.000 (p<0.05)), the abundance was significantly different compared to the other two species. The dominating physical characteristics of the water and marine sponge samples were microplastics with small size groups (0 – 20 µm, 20 – 40 µm, 40 – 60 µm), black in color, and in the form of fragments. The chemical character (polymer type) identified in water samples and marine sponges is polypropylene (PP).

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Marine Sponges, Microplastic, Pasir Putih, Physical Characteristic, Polimer Type, Mikroplastik, Spons Laut, Karakter Fisik, Tipe Polimer, Pasir Putih Situbondo
Subjects:	Q Science > QH Biology Q Science > QH Biology > QH301 Biology Q Science > QH Biology > QH75 Nature conservation. Landscape protection. Biodiversity conservation. Endangered species and ecosystems (General). Habitat conservation. Ecosystem management. Conservation biology
Divisions:	Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Biology > 46201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Natasya Febriani Fauziah
Date Deposited:	05 Oct 2023 07:35
Last Modified:	05 Oct 2023 07:35
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/104073

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