Muarifin, Ahmad Syahrul (2024) Pengolahan Limbah Cair Kegiatan Cuci Tangan Bengkel dengan Menggunakan Tumbuhan Cyperus haspan dan Vetiveria zizanioides. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Bengkel praktik otomotif Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) di Surabaya merupakan tempat di mana siswa jurusan teknik otomotif menjalankan kegiatan praktikum, perbaikan, dan pemeliharaan kendaraan. Beberapa jenis limbah cair yang dihasilkan oleh bengkel adalah oli bekas, bensin, sisa cuci spare part, serta bekas cuci tangan. Intensitas yang tinggi dari kegiatan praktikum menghasilkan jumlah limbah cair kegiatan cuci tangan di bengkel yang cukup signifikan. Limbah cair yang muncul dari mencuci tangan di bengkel mengandung bahan berbahaya seperti minyak dan bahan pelarut. Kandungan bahan tersebut dapat meningkatkan BOD, COD, dan fosfat dalam air limbah. Jika limbah cair dari kegiatan mencuci tangan di bengkel dibuang langsung tanpa pengolahan, hal ini dapat mencemari lingkungan. Salah satu alternatif pengolahan air limbah yang umum digunakan adalah sistem floating treatment wetland (FTW) karena konstruksi dan pemeliharaannya yang mudah. Dalam sistem FTW, terdapat platform mengambang di atas permukaan air yang menampung tanaman. Akar tanaman-tanaman ini menyerap polutan yang ada dalam air, berfungsi sebagai filter biologis. Cyperus haspan dan Vetiveria zizanioides adalah dua tumbuhan yang memiliki kemampuan meningkatkan kualitas air karena mampu menyerap pencemar dalam air. Cyperus haspan adalah jenis tanaman yang membutuhkan cukup banyak air dan memiliki manfaat lain sebagai hiperakumulator dalam pengolahan limbah melalui fitoremediasi. Sementara itu, Vetiveria zizanioides memiliki sistem perakaran yang kuat, pertumbuhannya cepat, dan toleransi yang tinggi terhadap kondisi lingkungan. Karakteristik kedua tumbuhan ini sangat sesuai untuk digunakan dalam sistem FTW. Hasil Range Finding Test dan uji phytotreatment menunjukkan bahwa tumbuhan Cyperus haspan pada sistem FTW dapat hidup pada konsentrasi limbah cuci tangan di bengkel sebesar 25%, dengan pengurangan BOD 81,84%, COD 79,98%, dan fosfat (PO4) 27,53% selama 21 hari. Sementara itu, Vetiveria zizanioides mampu bertahan pada konsentrasi limbah sebesar 50%, dengan pengurangan BOD 89,63%, COD 86,57%, dan fosfat (PO4) 60,24% selama 21 hari. Uji fitotreatment-aerasi Cyperus haspan menghasilkan pengurangan BOD sebesar 92%, COD sebesar 89,33%, dan fosfat (PO4) sebesar 50,93% dalam waktu 21 hari. Pada sisi lain, uji fitotreatment-aerasi Vetiveria zizanioides menunjukkan pengurangan BOD sebesar 92,23%, COD sebesar 93,41%, dan fosfat (PO4) sebesar 75,94% selama 21 hari. Hasil uji ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan aerasi 16 jam/hari memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap penurunan parameter BOD, COD, dan fosfat memiliki nilai P-value (P < 0,05).
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The vocational high school (SMK) automotive workshop in Surabaya is a place where students majoring in automotive engineering conduct practical activities, repairs, and vehicle maintenance. Several types of liquid waste generated by the workshop include used oil, gasoline, residue from cleaning spare parts, and used handwash water. The high intensity of practical activities results in a significant amount of liquid waste from handwashing in the workshop. The liquid waste from handwashing in the workshop contains hazardous substances such as oil and solvents. These substances can increase BOD, COD, and phosphate levels in wastewater. If the liquid waste from handwashing in the workshop is discharged directly without treatment, it can pollute the environment. One common alternative for wastewater treatment is the floating treatment wetland (FTW) system due to its easy construction and maintenance. The floating treatment wetland (FTW) system has a floating platform above the water surface that accommodates plants. These plants' roots absorb pollutants in the water, serving as a biological filter. Cyperus haspan and Vetiveria zizanioides are two plants known for their ability to enhance water quality by absorbing contaminants in the water. Cyperus haspan is a water plant that requires a substantial amount of water and has additional benefits as a hyperaccumulator in waste treatment through phytoremediation. On the other hand, Vetiveria zizanioides has a strong root system, rapid growth, and high tolerance to environmental conditions. The characteristics of both plants make them well-suited for use in the FTW system. The results of the Range Finding Test (RFT) and phytotreatment tests indicate that the Cyperus haspan plant in the floating treatment wetland system can survive at a concentration of 25% handwash wastewater in the workshop, achieving a reduction of 81.84% in BOD, 79.98% in COD, and 27.53% in phosphate (PO4) over a 21-day period. Meanwhile, Vetiveria zizanioides can endure a wastewater concentration of 50%, resulting in a reduction of 89.63% in BOD, 86.57% in COD, and 60.24% in phosphate (PO4) over the same duration. Phytotreatment-aeration tests on Cyperus haspan reduced 92% in BOD, 89.33% in COD, and 50.93% in phosphate (PO4) within 21 days. On the other hand, phytotreatment-aeration tests using Vetiveria zizanioides showed a reduction of 92.23% in BOD, 93.41% in COD, and 75.94% in phosphate (PO4) over the same period. ANOVA test results indicate that aeration for 16 hours/day has a significant effect on reducing BOD, COD, and phosphate parameters, with a P-value (P < 0.05).
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | BOD, COD, Cyperus haspan, Floating Treatment Wetland, Fosfat, Limbah Cuci Tangan Bengkel, Hand Washing Waste in Workshop, Vetiveria zizanioides. |
| Subjects: | T Technology > T Technology (General) T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD192.5 Bioremediation |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Ahmad Syahrul Muarifin |
| Date Deposited: | 31 Jan 2024 01:15 |
| Last Modified: | 31 Jan 2024 01:15 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/105775 |
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