Pemulihan Tanah Tercemar Hidrokarbon Dengan Soil Washing Menggunakan Saponin dan LAS Pada Skala Laboratorium dan Skala Pilot

Mawarni, Esti Dyah Arum (2024) Pemulihan Tanah Tercemar Hidrokarbon Dengan Soil Washing Menggunakan Saponin dan LAS Pada Skala Laboratorium dan Skala Pilot. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Kebutuhan minyak bumi (crude oil) sebagai sumber energi utama berdampak pada kegiatan eksplorasi, eksploitasi, dan pengolahan produk minyak bumi terus dilakukan. Kegiatan tersebut berpotensi pencemaran tanah akibat dari tumpahan atau bocoran pipa saat penyulingan, pengolahan, dan ceceran saat pembersihan tangki. Tanah tercemar crude oil mengandung senyawa hidrokarbon yang sulit didegradasi oleh mikroorganisme karena bersifat hidrofobik. Soil washing adalah teknik pencucian tanah menggunakan surfaktan yang dapat mengangkat gugus hidrofobik dalam minyak. Penggunaan surfaktan sintetis untuk pencucian tanah mempunyai kekurangan tidak ramah lingkungan, sehingga diperlukan alternatif green surfactant yang memiliki sifat ramah lingkungan, dapat terurai secara hayati, dan memiliki toksisitas rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penurunan konsentrasi hidrokarbon dalam tanah tercemar minyak spiked soil dan tanah pertambangan minyak menggunakan green surfactant dan surfaktan sintetis. Pada penelitian ini surfaktan yang dipilih adalah saponin dan linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS). Variabel penelitian yang digunakan adalah waktu pencucian (30, 60, 90 menit), kecepatan putaran (10, 25, 50 rpm), dan rasio solid/liquid (1:3 dan 1:6). Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam skala laboratorium dan skala pilot. Pada skala laboratorium menggunakan tanah tercemar spiked soil oli motor bekas 20% (b/b) dan skala pilot menggunakan tanah tercemar crude oil dari pertambangan minyak rakyat Desa Wonocolo, Bojonegoro. Variabel penelitian skala pilot ditentukan berdasarkan hasil optimasi penelitian skala laboratorium menggunakan Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Parameter uji penelitian ini adalah Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH). Hasil penelitian skala laboratorium menunjukkan dua variasi pertama memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap efisiensi removal TPH, sedangkan variasi rasio solid/liquid tidak. Efisiensi removal TPH tertinggi dengan LAS 37,72% dan saponin 36,49%. Kondisi parameter operasi optimum soil washing skala laboratorium dengan surfaktan LAS adalah 72 menit, 50 rpm, 1:3. Sedangkan surfaktan saponin pada kondisi 67 menit, 50 rpm, 1:6. Selanjutnya dilakukan verifikasi hasil uji kondisi parameter operasi optimum pada skala pilot. Diperoleh efisiensi removal TPH menggunakan LAS dan saponin masing-masing adalah 37,42% dan 31,72%.
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The need for crude oil as the primary energy source impacts petroleum products' exploration, exploitation, and processing. These activities have the potential for soil pollution due to spills or pipe leaks during refining, processing, and splashes during tank cleaning. Soil polluted with crude oil contains hydrocarbon compounds that are difficult to degrade by microorganisms because they are hydrophobic. Soil washing is a soil technique using surfactants to remove hydrophobic oil groups. Using synthetic surfactants for soil washing has the disadvantage of not being environmentally friendly, so an alternative green surfactant with environmentally friendly properties, biodegradable, and low toxicity is needed. This study aims to assess the reduction of hydrocarbon concentration in oil-polluted spiked soil and oil-mining soil using green and synthetic surfactant. This study's surfactants were saponin and linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS). The research variables used were washing time (30, 60, 90 minutes), rotation speed (10, 25, 50 rpm), and solid/liquid ratio (1:3 and 1:6). This research was conducted on a laboratory scale and pilot scale. The laboratory scale used 20% (w/w) motor oil spiked soil, and the pilot scale used crude oil-contaminated soil from the community oil mining in Wonocolo Village, Bojonegoro. Pilot scale research variables were determined based on the optimization results of laboratory-scale research using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The test parameter of this research is Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH). The results of the laboratory-scale study showed that the first two variations significantly affected TPH removal efficiency, while the solid/liquid ratio variation did not. The highest TPH removal efficiency was 37.72% with LAS and 36.49% with saponin. The optimum operating parameter conditions of laboratory-scale soil washing with LAS surfactant are 72 minutes; 50 rpm; 1:3. While saponin surfactant in the condition of 67 minutes; 50 rpm; 1:6. Furthermore, verification of the test results of the optimum operating parameter conditions on a pilot scale was carried out. The TPH removal efficiency using LAS and saponin was 37.42% and 31.72%, respectively.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Soil Washing, Hidrokarbon, Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (LAS), Saponin, Hydrocarbon
Subjects:	Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD502 Chemical kinetics T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD878.47 Soil remediation
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Esti Dyah Arum Mawarni
Date Deposited:	31 Jan 2024 05:03
Last Modified:	31 Jan 2024 05:12
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/105812

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