Hilman, Mochammad Yusuf (2024) Penentuan Komposisi Campuran Fly Ash, Bottom Ash, dan Kapur atau Semen Sebagai Material Lapis Fondasi Jalan. Studi Kasus: Preservasi Jalan Sp. Kereng - Bereng Bengkel - Pilang - Pulang Pisau Kalimantan Tengah. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Secara umum struktur perkerasan jalan terdiri dari 2 (dua) lapisan utama yakni lapis permukaan yang memiliki fungsi sebagai lapisan awal penerima beban kendaraan serta melindungi badan jalan dari kerusakan akibat cuaca, dan lapis fondasi yang berfungsi sebagai penyalur tegangan yang dihasilkan dari beban ke lapisan subgrade. Berdasarkan spesifikasinya lapis fondasi dibedakan menjadi dua jenis yakni lapis pondasi bawah (subbase course) yang harus memenuhi spesifkasi lapis agregat kelas B dan lapis pondasi atas (base course) yang harus memenuhi spesifikasi lapis agregat kelas A.
Spesifikasi tersebut menyebabkan timbulnya kesulitan dalam memperoleh material agregat di pulau Kalimantan. Hal ini membuat konstruksi di Kalimantan tidak sedikit menggunakan agregat yang didatangkan dari pulau – pulau sekitarnya dimana harganya sangat mahal. Hal tersebut mendorong Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat untuk menggunakan alternatif material sebagai lapis fondasi jalan salah satunya dengan menggunakan campuran fly ash dan bottom ash dengan ditambah bahan lain seperti kapur atau semen sebagai pengikat. Penambahan kapur atau semen pada fly ash dan bottom ash (FABA) dapat meningkatkan nilai CBR serta nilai UCS dari campuran FABA. Maka dari itu perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui berapa persentase campuran fly ash, bottom ash, dan kapur atau semen yang optimum agar dapat memenuhi persyaratan sebagai material lapis fondasi jalan.
Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara membuat komposisi campuran fly ash dan bottom ash (FABA) dengan variasi (100 : 0); (75 : 25); (50 : 50); (25 : 75); dan (0 : 100) yang akan diuji secara fisik dan mekanis untuk mendapatkan campuran dasar optimum sebagai lapis fondasi jalan. Selanjutnya, pada campuran FABA yang optimum ditambahkan semen sebesar 3%, 5%, dan 7% atau kapur sebesar 2%, 4%, dan 6% untuk berikutnya diuji fisik dan mekanis guna memperoleh campuran sebagai lapis fondasi yang memenuhi kriteria spesifikasi Bina Marga
Berdasarkan kandungan mineralogi yang terkandung pada material fly ash dan bottom ash dari PLTU Pulang Pisau didapatkan bahwa material fly ash dan bottom ash berturut – turut termasuk kedalam kelas C dan F. Campuran material fly ash dan bottom ash (FABA) optimum didapatkan pada ratio 50 : 50 dengan nilai CBR Soaked sebesar 17,03%. Penambahkan kadar semen atau kapur kedalam campuran FABA dapat meningkatkan nilai mekanis campuran. Nilai CBR soaked dan UCS tertinggi didapatkan dari campuran FABA dengan kadar semen 7% yakni masing – masing sebesar 75,68% dan 21,448 kg/cm2. Sedangkan nilai CBR soaked dan UCS tertinggi untuk campuran FABA dan 6% kapur yakni masing – masing sebesar 60,16% dan 27,70 kg/cm2. Spesifikasi khusus Bina Marga nomor SKh 1.5.15 menyatakan bahwa lapis fondasi jalan menggunakan FABA harus memenuhi syarat nilai kuat tekan minimum sebesar 20 kg/cm2, dalam penelitian ini, nilai persyaratan tersebut dicapai oleh campuran FABA ratio 50 : 50 dengan bahan tambah semen 7% atau 4% kapur.
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In general, the structure of road pavement consists of 2 (two) main layers, namely the surface layer, which functions as the initial load-bearing layer for vehicles and protects the road from weather-related damage, and the foundation layer, which serves as a stress distributor transmitting the load to the subgrade layer. Based on its specifications, the foundation layer is divided into two types: the lower foundation layer (subbase course), which must meet the specifications of Class B aggregate layer, and the upper foundation layer (base course), which must meet the specifications of Class A aggregate layer.
The specifications mentioned above have led to difficulties in obtaining aggregate materials in Kalimantan Island. This situation has resulted in many construction projects in Kalimantan using imported aggregates from surrounding islands, where the cost is significantly high. This has prompted the Ministry of Public Works and Housing to explore alternative materials for road foundation layers, one of which involves the use of a mixture of fly ash and bottom ash, supplemented with other materials such as lime or cement as binders. The addition of lime or cement to fly ash and bottom ash (FABA) can enhance the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) values of the FABA mixture. Therefore, research is necessary to determine the optimal percentage of the fly ash, bottom ash, and lime or cement mixture to meet the requirements as a road foundation material.
This research was conducted by creating a composition of fly ash and bottom ash (FABA) mixtures with variations (100:0), (75:25), (50:50), (25:75), and (0:100), which were then subjected to physical and mechanical tests to determine the optimum base mixture for road foundation. Subsequently, in the optimum FABA mixture, cement was added at 3%, 5%, and 7%, or lime at 2%, 4%, and 6%. These mixtures were then further tested physically and mechanically to obtain a combination that meets the criteria specified by Bina Marga for road foundation material.
Based on the mineralogical content found in the fly ash and bottom ash materials from the PLTU Pulang Pisau, it was determined that the fly ash and bottom ash materials belong to classes C and F, respectively. The optimum mixture of fly ash and bottom ash (FABA) was found at a ratio of 50:50, with a Soaked CBR value of 17.03%. The addition of cement or lime to the FABA mixture can enhance the mechanical properties of the mixture. The highest values for Soaked CBR and UCS were obtained from the FABA mixture with a 7% cement content, which were 75.68% and 21.448 kg/cm2, respectively. Meanwhile, the highest Soaked CBR and UCS values for the FABA mixture with 6% lime were 60.16% and 27.70 kg/cm2, respectively. The specific specifications of Bina Marga, as stated in SKh 1.5.15, require the road foundation layer using FABA to meet a minimum compressive strength value of 20 kg/cm2. In this research, this requirement was achieved by the FABA mixture at a ratio of 50:50 with 7% added cement or 4% added lime.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Bottom ash, fly ash, lime, road fondation layer, cement, kapur, lapis fondasi jalan, semen. |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA418.16 Materials--Testing. T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA441 Aggregates T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA455.S6 Soil (Materials of engineering and construction) T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA749 Soil stabilization |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Civil Engineering > 22101-(S2) Master Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Mochammad yusuf hilman |
| Date Deposited: | 02 Feb 2024 07:47 |
| Last Modified: | 02 Feb 2024 07:47 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/105927 |
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