Keanekaragaman Bakteri pada Bioaktivator Pendegradasi Limbah Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS)

Yolla, Laura Kerrenhapukh (2024) Keanekaragaman Bakteri pada Bioaktivator Pendegradasi Limbah Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Konsorsium mikroorganisme berperan dalam pemanfaatan senyawa-senyawa dalam substrat sehingga dapat menstimulasi proses biologis, seperti dekomposisi. Keanekaragaman mikroorganisme yang tinggi dalam konsorsium memicu pemanfaatan substrat secara lebih efektif, pemanfaatan lebih banyak jenis substrat, serta meningkatkan ketahanan konsorsium terhadap perubahan lingkungan. Telah dilaporkan bahwa 6 jenis bioaktivator yang mengandung konsorsium mikroorganisme dan diformulasi oleh Laboratorium Mikrobiologi dan Bioteknologi Departemen Biologi ITS dapat meningkatkan laju degradasi limbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) yang kaya lignoselulosa. Keenam bioaktivator ini terbuat dari limbah buah dan sayuran, air cucian beras, susu, kotoran sapi, pupuk cair komersial berupa Jamur Keberuntungan Abadi (JAKABA), serta mikroorganisme alami limbah TKKS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keanekaragaman bakteri tingkat filum dan genus melalui karakterisasi morfologi dan biokimia berdasarkan Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. Dengan mengikuti alur dikotomi yang terdiri atas pengamatan morfologi sel, pewarnaan Gram, pengamatan endospora, uji oksidase, uji fermentasi glukosa, uji fermentasi laktosa, uji NaCl 6,5%, uji indol, uji urease, uji motilitas, dan uji H2S terhadap 31 isolat, berhasil dikarakterisasi sebanyak 7 genus yang meliputi Bacillus, Vibrio, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Brucella, dan Alcaligenes yang berasal dari filum Firmicutes dan Proteobacteria. Sebagai pembanding, analisis metagenomik dilakukan melalui Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) via Illumina terhadap gen 16S rRNA pada region V3-V4 serta primer 341F dan 806R untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman bakteri tingkat filum, genus, dan spesies. Dari analisis metagenomik, didapatkan 380 spesies dengan mayoritas termasuk ke dalam filum Proteobacteria dan Firmicutes. Beberapa genus dengan nilai kelimpahan relatif tertinggi meliputi Acetobacter, Caproiciproduscens, Fonticella, Lentilactobacillus, dan Lacticaseibacillus. Di tingkat spesies, kelimpahan relatif tertinggi dimiliki oleh Acetobacter pasteurianus, Clostridium sp., Lactobacillus manihotivorans, Paenibacillus montaniterrae, dan Robinsoniella peoriensis. Terdapat beberapa kesamaan antara hasil karakterisasi morfologi dan biokimia dengan analisis metagenomik baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung, seperti Brucella yang berhasil didapatkan dari kedua metode, serta didapatkannya Bacillus, Paenibacillus montaniterrae, dan bakteri asam laktat yang termasuk dalam kelas yang sama.
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Microbial consortia are able to utilize various substances from their substrate, enhancing biological processes such as decomposition. High microbial diversity in a consortium would leverage utilization of more types of substrates more effectively and increase the consortial resilience against environmental challenges. It has been reported that 6 bioactivators containing microbial consortia formulated by Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology ITS are capable of increasing the rate of OPEFB degradation. These bioactivators were made from fruit and vegetable waste, rice water, milk, cow manure, commercial liquid fertilizer Jamur Keberuntungan Abadi (JAKABA), and naturally occuring microorganisms in OPEFB. Therefore, this research aims to explore genus-level diversity of bacteria by characterizing their morphological and biochemical traits based on Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. By following a dichotomous flowchart which consisted of cell morphology observation, Gram staining, endospore staining, oxidase test, glucose fermentation test, lactose fermentation test, NaCl 6,5% test, indole test, urease test, motility test, and H2S test applied to 31 isolates, 7 genera were succesfully characterized, i.e., Bacillus, Vibrio, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Brucella, and Alcaligenes which belong to the phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. As a comparison, a metagenomic analysis was performed through Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) via Illumina, targetting the bacterial 16S rRNA gene in the V3-V4 region with primers 341F and 806R to explore phyla, genera, and species diversity. The metagenomic analysis resulted in 380 species with a significant majority belonging to the phyla Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. A few genera were detected as having the highest relative abundance, namely Acetobacter, Caproiciproducens, Fonticella, Lentilactobacillus, and Lacticaseibacillus, while on the species level, Acetobacter pasteurianus, Clostridium sp., Lactobacillus manihotivorans, Paenibacillus montaniterrae, and Robinsoniella peoriensis had the highest relative abundance. A few direct and indirect similarities emerged from the outcome of the morphological and biochemical characterization and the metagenomic analysis methods, such as the presence of Brucella in both results, as well as the presence of Bacillus, Paenibacillus montaniterrae, and lactic acid bacteria which belong to the same class.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	analisis metagenomik, bioaktivator, keanekaragaman bakteri, konsorsium mikroorganisme, tandan kosong kelapa sawit bacterial diversity, bioactivators, metagenomics analysis, microbial consortia, oil palm empty fruit bunch
Subjects:	Q Science > QR Microbiology Q Science > QR Microbiology > QR74.8 Bacteria
Divisions:	Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Biology > 46201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Laura Kerrenhapukh Yolla
Date Deposited:	09 Feb 2024 02:09
Last Modified:	09 Feb 2024 02:09
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/106400

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