Fatoni, Ahmad Imam and Sari, Nur Indah (2022) Pra Desain Pabrik Biodiesel dari Calophyllum Inophyllum Seed dengan Metode Kombinasi Microwave Assisted Extraction - Batchwise Solvent Extraction. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) merupakan spesies tanaman mangrove dari famili Calophyllaceae. Tanaman nyamplung sangat potensial bila digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan biodiesel dikarenakan kadar minyak yang tinggi pada biji (40-73 %(w/w)), minyak yang dapat dihasilkan sebesar 4.680 kg/ha serta merupakan non-edibble oil sehingga tidak bersaing dengan kebutuhan pangan. Terdapat tiga tahapan utama dalam pembuatan pabrik biodiesel dari Biji Nyamplung (CCIO) yaitu Persiapan bahan baku pre-treatment, proses pemurnian dan proses pembuatan Biodiesel. Pada pabrik ini proses pemurnian menggunakan metode kombinasi Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) - Batchwise Solvent Extraction (BSE). Penggunaan metode kombinasi MAE-BSE mampu memperpendek waktu yang diperlukan untuk produksi. MAE menggunakan microwave dengan daya 450 kWatt dan waktu ekstraksi selama 20 menit. Proses pemurian BSE dilakukan 7 tahap (7 stages). Pada tahap MAE, crude Calophyllum inophyllum oil akan dipisahkan menjadi fraksi polar dan non-polar di dalam tangki Microwaved. Perbandingan solvent polar dan non-polar yang digunakan adalah 1:3 (Metanol : Petroleum eter) dan rasio crude Calophyllum inophyllum oil dengan solvent adalah 5:1. Di dalam tangki MAE, crude Calophyllum inophyllum oil akan dicampur dengan solvent metanol dan petroleum eter dan diaduk pada suhu dan tekanan ruangan serta diradiasi dengan gelombang micro. Setelah ekstraksi selesai, campuran minyak dengan solvent akan dialirkan menuju decanter untuk dpemisahan menjadi dua fraksi. Fraksi non-polar (NPLF) terdapat pada lapisan atas sedangkan fraksi polar (PLF) terdapat pada lapisan bawah. Setelah pemisahan, ekstrak non-polar (NPLF) akan dilanjutkan ke tahap BSE, dimana solvent yang digunakan hanya metanol dengan perbandingan Minyak : Metanol (1:5), proses ini diulang hingga stage ketujuh. Dari proses permurnian, kadar TAG meningkat dari 78,3% menjadi 96,062%, sedangkan kadar FFA turun dari 8,5% menjadi 1,10%. Selanjutnya, solvent pada masing- masing fraksi akan dipisahkan menggunakan distilasi untuk digunakan kembali pada proses selanjutnya. Minyak hasil proses pemurnian kemudian direaksikan dengan metanol menggunakan katalis kalium hidroksida, produk yang terbentuk adalah metil ester (biodiesel), gliserol, dan air. Selanjutnya produk dimasukan kedalam washing tank untuk melarutkan senyawa pengotor seperti, katalis dan metanol yang tidak bereaksi. Air dan metanol yang terdapat dalam produk dipisahkan dengan menggunakan flash tank, kemudian produk metil ester yang sudah terpisah dari air dan metanol kemudian disimpan pada tangki penyimpanan biodiesel. Pabrik biodiesel dari biji nyamplung akan didirikan di Kabupaten Cilacap, Jawa Tengah, dengan estimasi waktu mulai produksi pada tahun 2025. Pabrik ini berkapasitas 150.000 KL/tahun atau 131.550 ton/tahun dengan operasi selama 24 jam per hari dengan hari kerja 330 hari per tahun. Untuk mencapai produksi sebesar itu dibutuhkan bahan baku Callpohylum Inophyllum Oil (CCIO) sebesar 505.961,538 ton/tahun. Pada pabrik ini menggunakan utilitas air pendingin bersuhu 30oC tekanan 1 atm (Total kebutuhan untuk 5 utilitas dingin = 70.514 kg/jam) dan steam bertekanan sebanyak 2 jenis yaitu steam 150oC tekanan 476 kPa (Total kebutuhan untuk 3 utilitas panas = 2.430,58 kg/jam) dan steam 250oC tekanan 3.977,6 kPa (Total kebutuhan untuk 2 utilitas panas = 6.387,85 kg/jam). Sumber i investasi pabrik Biodiesel dari Biji Nyamplung berasal dari 30% dana pribadi dan 70% dana pinjaman dari Bank (Bank Mandiri). Dengan perincian analisa ekonomi sebagai berikut: Total Capital Investment (TCI) Net Present Value (NPV) Internal Rate of Return (IRR) Pay Out Time (POT) Break Event Point (BEP) = Rp. 1.548.576.361.021 = Rp. 2.497.639.208.492 = 33,92 % = 3,06 Tahun = 24,3 % Kapasitas total Sehingga dengan hasil tersebut dinilai bahwa pabrik ini layak untuk didirikan.
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Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) is a species of mangrove plant from the family Calophyllaceae. Nyamplung plants are spread in various regions in Indonesia, from Sumatra to Papua, with potential when used as raw material for making biodiesel due to the high oil content in the seeds (40-73% (w/w)), the oil that can be produced is 4,680 kg/ha and is a non-edible oil, so it does not compete with food needs. There are three main stages in the design of a biodiesel plant from Nyamplung seeds, namely the preparation of pre-treatment raw materials, the purification process, and the biodiesel manufacturing process. In this factory, the purification process uses a combination method of Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) - Batchwise Solvent Extraction (BSE). The use of the MAE-BSE combination method can shorten the time required for production. MAE uses a microwave with a power of 450 kWatt and shortens the extraction time by 20 minutes. The BSE purification process was carried out in 7 stages (7 stages). In the MAE stage, crude Calophyllum inophyllum oil will be separated into polar and non-polar fractions in a Microwaved tank. The ratio of polar and non-polar solvents used is 1:3 (Methanol: Petroleum ether), and the ratio of crude Calophyllum inophyllum oil to solvent is 5:1. In the MAE tank, crude Calophyllum inophyllum oil will be mixed with solvent methanol and petroleum ether and stirred at room temperature and pressure and irradiated with microwaves. After the extraction is complete, the mixture of oil and solvent will flow into the decanter for separation into two fractions. The non-polar fraction (NPLF) is found in the top layer, while the polar fraction (PLF) is found in the bottom layer. After separation, the non polar extract (NPLF) will proceed to the BSE stage, where the solvent used is only methanol with a ratio of Oil: Methanol (1:5); this process is repeated until the seventh stage. From the refining process, TAG levels increased from 78.3% to 96.062%, while FFA levels decreased from 8.5% to 1.10%. Furthermore, the solvent in each fraction will be separated using distillation to be reused in the next process. The oil resulting from the purification process is then reacted with methanol using a potassium hydroxide catalyst; the products formed are methyl ester (biodiesel), glycerol, and water. Furthermore, the product is put into a washing tank to dissolve impurity compounds such as unreacted catalysts and methanol. The water and methanol contained in the product are separated using a flash tank, then the methyl ester product, which has been separated from water and methanol, is then stored in a biodiesel storage tank. A biodiesel plant from nyamplung seeds will be established in Cilacap Regency, Central Java, with an estimated production start time in 2025. This plant has a capacity of 150,000 KL/year or 131,550 tons/year, with operations 24 hours per day with 330 working days per year. The required raw material is 505,961,538 tons/year of Crude Callpohylum Inophyllum Seed. This plant has a capacity of 150,000 KL/year or 131,550 tons/year, with operations 24 hours per day with 330 working days per year. To achieve such a large production, 505,961,538 tons/year of Callpohylum Inophyllum Oil (CCIO) are needed. In this plant, the utility uses cooling water at a temperature of 30oC at a pressure of 1 atm (total need for 5 cold utilities = 70,514 kg/hour) and 2 types of pressurized steam, namely steam 150oC with a pressure of 476 iii kPa (total need for 3 hot utilities = 2,430.58 kg/hour). hours) and steam at 250oC pressure 3,977.6 kPa (Total requirement for 2 heat utilities = 6,387.85 kg/hour). The source of investment for the Biodiesel plant from Nyamplung Seeds comes from 30% personal funds and 70% loan funds from the Bank (Bank Mandiri). The details of the economic analysis as follows: Total Capital Investment (TCI) Net Present Value (NPV) Internal Rate of Return (IRR) Pay Out Time (POT) Break-Even Point (BEP) : Rp. 1,548,576,361,021 : Rp. 2,497,639,208,492 : 33.92%, : 3.06 Years : 24.3% Total Capacity So with these results, it is judged that this factory is feasible to establish.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | RSK 662.88 Fat p-1 2022 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Desain Pabrik, Biji Nyamplung, Biodiesel, Microwaved Assisted Extraction, Batchwise Solvent Extraction, Plant Design, Calophyllum Inophyllum Seed, Biodiesel, Microwaved Assisted Extraction, Batchwise Solvent Extraction |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ164 Power plants--Design and construction T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP359.B46 Biodiesel fuels. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | - Davi Wah |
| Date Deposited: | 20 May 2024 08:21 |
| Last Modified: | 20 May 2024 08:21 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/107963 |
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