Fuadillah, Faisal Akbar and Vinaya, Nafisa Tahar (2024) Desain Pabrik Minyak Nilam dari Daun Nilam Menggunakan Metode Steam Distillation. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Minyak nilam merupakan salah satu minyak atsiri yang produksinya di Indonesia mampu menguasai pangsa pasar dunia dengan nilai ekspor memenuhi 40.99% ekspor dunia. Minyak nilam sering dimanfaatkan sebagai komponen utama produk pewangi dan kosmetik karena sifat fiksatifnya. Sifat fiksatif tersebut disebabkan oleh komponen utamanya yakni alkohol nilam (patchouli alcohol) yang merupakan seskuiterpen alkohol tersier trisiklik. Produk minyak nilam yang akan dipasarkan harus memenuhi Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI), salah satunya parameter utamanya adalah kandungan alkohol nilam minimal 30%. Dalam perancangan pabrik minyak nilam yang dilakukan tim penulis, digunakan bahan baku Nilam Aceh (Pogestemon Cablin Benth) dengan metode ekstraksi menggunakan steam distillation yang sebelumnya telah melewati tahap pre-treatment lalu dilengkapi juga dengan langkah pemurnian menggunakan vacuum redistillation sehingga dihasilkan produk minyak nilam high-grade dengan kandungan patchouli alcohol sebesar 70%. Pembuatan pabrik ini direncanakan dimulai pada 2024 di Kecamatan Kinali, Kabupaten Pasaman Barat, Sumatera Barat dan mulai beroperasi pada tahun 2026 dengan kapasitas total 132 ton/tahun dengan basis operasi selama 24 jam dalam 240 hari/tahun. Pabrik minyak nilam ini didirikan dengan total investasi sebesar Rp271,871,922,936 yang terdiri dari 40% modal sendiri (equity) dan 60% modal pinjaman bank (loan). Analisa ekonomi didapatkan bahwa biaya penaksiran modal (CAPEX) sebesar Rp255,119,515,623 dan biaya operasional (OPEX) sebesar Rp369,689,432,116. Total pemasukan dengan harga penjualan produk didapatkan sebesar Rp452,925,120,000 pertahunnya. Dengan estimasi pabrik berumur 20 tahun dan pengembalian modal selama 10 tahun dihasilkan nilai NPV positif sebesar Rp286,424,345,907; IRR senilai 20.2%; dan POT selama 5 tahun 3 bulan. Hasil analisa yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa pabrik layak didirikan dan dilanjutkan perencanaan. Aspek sosial dalam pendirian pabrik ini akan mampu menunjang untuk menyerap ketenagakerjaan dalam mengurangi pengangguran. Limbah yang dihasilkan dari pabrik minyak nilam ini berupa limpah padatan yang dimanfaatkan untuk menghasilkan produk samping berupa pupuk kompos dan limbah cair yang perlu dilakukan analisa sesuai standar baku mutu air limbah dan peraturan perizinan dari pemerintah setempat. Selain itu, senyawa terpen hasil distilat akan dijual sebagai bahan baku insektisida.
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Patchouli oil is one of the essential oils whose production in Indonesia is able to dominate the world market share with export value reaching 40.99% of world exports. Patchouli oil is often used as a main component in fragrance and cosmetic products due to its fixative properties. This fixative property is caused by its main component, patchouli alcohol, which is a tricyclic tertiary alcohol sesquiterpene. Patchouli oil products that will be marketed must meet the Indonesian National Standards (SNI), one of the main parameters being a minimum patchouli alcohol content of at least 30%. In the design of the patchouli oil factory carried out by the author’s team, the Aceh Patchouli (Pogestemon Cablin Benth) raw material are used with the extraction method using steam distillation which had previously gone through a pretreatment stage and then equipped with a purification step using vacuum redistillation to produce a high-quality patchouli oil product grade with a patchouli alcohol content of 70%. Construction of this factory is planned to begin in 2024 in Kinali District, West Pasaman Regency, West Sumatra and begin operating in 2026 with a total capacity of 132 tons/year on a 24 hour/240 day per year operating basis. This patchouli oil factory was established with a total investment of IDR 271,871,922,936 consisting of 40% own capital (equity) and 60% bank loan capital (loan). Economic analysis found that the estimated capital costs (CAPEX) were IDR 255,119,515,623 and operational costs (OPEX) were IDR 369,689,432,116. The total income from product sales prices is IDR 452,925,120,000 per year. With an estimated factory age of 20 years and a return on capital of 10 years, a positive NPV value of IDR 286,424,345,907is produced; IRR of 20.2%; and POT for 5 years 3 months. The results of the analysis carried out show that the factory is feasible to build and continue with planning. The social aspect of establishing this factory is the ability to reduce unemployment. The waste produced from this patchouli oil factory is in the form of solids which are used to produce by-products in the form of compost fertilizer and the liquid waste which need to be analyzed according to waste water quality standards and licensing regulations from the local government. In the meantime, terpen compounds produced as distillate are marketed as raw material of insecticide.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Patchouli Leaves, Patchouli Oil, Steam Distillation, Daun Nilam, Minyak Nilam, Distilasi Uap |
| Subjects: | R Medicine > RV Botanic, Thomsonian, and eclectic medicine T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP156 Crystallization. Extraction (Chemistry). Fermentation. Distillation. Emulsions. T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP159.S4 Separators (Machine) |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Faisal Akbar Fuadillah |
| Date Deposited: | 22 Jul 2024 04:23 |
| Last Modified: | 22 Jul 2024 04:23 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/108607 |
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