Damaiyanti, Nafisha Tibet (2024) Uji Toksisitas Akut dan Penentuan Efek Campuran Insektisida Klorpirifos dan Herbisida Atrazine Terhadap Kayu Apu (Pistia stratiotes) Sebagai Biota Uji. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Pestisida sering digunakan untuk menghindari kerugian akibat gulma, penyakit, dan hama. Jenis pestisida yang banyak digunakan di Indonesia ialah insektisida berbahan aktif klorpirifos dan herbisida berbahan aktif atrazine. Insektisida klorpirifos dan herbisida atrazine masuk ke dalam badan air melalui aliran air permukaan atau hujan. Namun dalam penggunaan yang secara terus menerus menyebabkan akumulasi dan potensi risiko terhadap organisme non-target dan ekosistem sekitar, khususnya perairan. Selain itu, sebagian besar penelitian terkait toksisitas dilakukan pada bahan kimia secara tunggal, sehingga asumsi toksisitas campuran dapat menyebabkan perkiraan yang terlalu tinggi atau terlalu rendah terhadap potensi risiko yang mungkin timbul dari suatu campuran. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan uji toksisitas dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui ambang batas paparan yang dianggap aman dan efek campuran untuk mengetahui interaksi campuran apabila berada di lingkungan.
Uji toksisitas dilakukan dengan menentukan LC50 (Median Lethal Concentration) untuk mengetahui konsentrasi insektisida klorpirifos dan herbisida atrazine yang menyebabkan 50% kematian biota uji, serta menentukan pestisida yang lebih bersifat toksik diantara kedua jenis pestisida tersebut. Sebelum dilakukan uji toksisitas, dilakukan terlebih dahulu tahap aklimatisasi dan tahap range finding test. Masing-masing tahap dilaksanakan dengan durasi selama 7 (tujuh hari). Selain itu, juga dilakukan penentuan efek campuran insektisida klorpirifos dan herbisida atrazine. Efek campuran dilakukan dengan menentukan nilai Toxic Unit masing-masing komponen dan Mixture Toxicity Indeks. Dalam penelitian ini, variabel yang diteliti ialah jenis pestisida dan konsentrasi yang digunakan pada uji toksisitas akut, serta campuran. Parameter yang diukur ialah pH, DO, suhu, dan kematian biota uji. Kayu apu (Pistia stratiotes) digunakan dalam penelitian ini dikarenakan tingkat pertumbuhan yang tinggi dan toleransi terhadap toksikan, serta mudah ditemukan di daerah tropis, sehingga dapat mewakili kondisi perairan di Indonesia.
Hasil penelitian sementara menunjukkan bahwa herbisida atrazine bersifat lebih toksik dibandingkan dengan insektisida klorpirifos, berdasarkan nilai LC50 yang diperoleh. Nilai LC50 herbisida atrazine sebesar 7,7 mg/L, sedangkan nilai LC50 insektisida klorpirifos sebesar 9,79 mg/L. Selain itu, efek campuran insektisida klorpirifos dan herbisida atrazine bergantung dengan komposisi konsentrasi dari masing-masing toksikan.
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Pesticides are often used to avoid losses due to weeds, diseases and pests. The types of pesticides that are widely used in Indonesia are chlorpyrifos-based insecticides and atrazine-based herbicides. Chlorpyrifos insecticide and atrazine herbicide enter water bodies through surface water flow or rain. However, their continuous use causes accumulation and potential risks to non-target organisms and neighbouring ecosystems, especially waters. In addition, most studies related to toxicity are conducted on single chemicals, so the assumption of mixture toxicity can lead to overestimation or underestimation of the potential risks that may arise from a mixture. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct toxicity tests with the aim of knowing the threshold of exposure that is considered safe and the effect of the mixture to determine the interaction of the mixture when in the environment.
The toxicity test was conducted by determining the LC50 (Median Lethal Concentration) to determine the concentration of chlorpyrifos insecticide and atrazine herbicide that caused 50% mortality of the test biota, as well as determining which pesticide is more toxic between the two types of pesticides. Prior to the toxicity test, the acclimatisation stage and range finding test were conducted. Each stage is carried out with a duration of 7 (seven days). In addition, the mixed effects of chlorpyrifos insecticide and atrazine herbicide were also determined. The mixture effect was carried out by determining the Toxic Unit value of each component and the Mixture Toxicity Index. In this study, the variables studied were the type of pesticide and the concentration used in the acute toxicity test, as well as the mixture. The parameters measured were pH, DO, temperature, and mortality of test biota. Water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) was used in this study due to its high growth rate and tolerance to toxicants, and is easily found in the tropics, so it can represent the condition of waters in Indonesia.
Interim research results show that the herbicide atrazine is more toxic than the insecticide chlorpyrifos, based on the LC50 value obtained. The LC50 value of the herbicide atrazine is 7,7 mg/L, while the LC50 value of the insecticide chlorpyrifos is 9,79 mg/L. In addition, the effect of a mixture of chlorpyrifos insecticide and atrazine herbicide depends on the concentration composition of each toxicants.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Efek campuran, herbisida atrazine, insektisida klorpirifos, LC50, Pistia stratiotes, Atrazine herbicide, chlorpyrifos insecticide, mixed effect, Pistia stratiotes |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QH Biology > QH541 Ecology Q Science > QH Biology > QH541.15.T68 Toxicity testing Q Science > QK Botany > QK870 Plant-water relationships |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Nafisha Tibet Damaiyanti |
| Date Deposited: | 25 Jul 2024 05:10 |
| Last Modified: | 25 Jul 2024 05:10 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/108863 |
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