Desain Pabrik Magnesium Hidroksida Pharmaceutical Grade dan Magnesium Oksida dari Bittern

Pakarti, Sundari Tri and Rosadi, Rodea Romadonah (2024) Desain Pabrik Magnesium Hidroksida Pharmaceutical Grade dan Magnesium Oksida dari Bittern. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Perkembangan industri didorong oleh tingginya permintaan terhadap produk, sehingga perkembangan industri semakin maju khususnya pada industri kimia. Sumber daya alam di Indonesia belum dioptimalkan dan masih perlu mengimpor produk tertentu dari luar negeri, termasuk produksi magnesium. Sumber utama garam magnesium di Indonesia adalah air laut, bittern (cairan sisa penguapan) dari air laut, brine, dolomit dan magnesit (MgCO3). Bittern adalah produk sampingan dari proses pembuatan garam yang berupa larutan pekat dengan tingkat kepekatan >29º Be (Baume). Larutan ini mengandung sejumlah besar ion mineral, terutama Na+, Mg2+, dan Cl-. Pabrik magnesium hidroksida (Mg(OH)2) dengan kapasitas 5.300 ton/tahun dan magnesium oksida (MgO) dengan kapasitas 35.600 ton/tahun direncanakan dibangun di Kabupaten Sampang, Jawa Timur. Dalam mencapai target tersebut digunakan dua rangkaian proses utama, pertama yakni pembuatan Mg(OH)2 yang diawali dari pretreatment bittern dan NaOH 48%, proses reaksi pembuatan Mg(OH)2 dengan forming time 2,5 jam, dilanjutkan dengan pencucian dan purifikasi Mg(OH)2 slurry, pengeringan untuk membentuk padatan Mg(OH)2, penggilingan dan penyesuaian ukuran spesifikasi. Hasil Mg(OH)2 slurry akhir yang terbentuk setelah proses pengeringan akan dibagi dengan rasio 91,04% untuk direaksikan lebih lanjut dengan proses kalsinasi. Sebanyak 8,96% dikeringkan sehingga dihasilkan produk Mg(OH)2 dengan kemurnian 98,16% dan dengan ukuran partikel 80 – 120 mesh (sesuai standar pharmaceutical). MgO yang terbentuk dari reaksi kalsinasi Mg(OH)2. Padatan yang terbentuk dikeringkan dan didapat produk yang telah sesuai standar spesifikasi dengan kemurnian 99,37%, ukuran partikel > 40 mesh (sesuai standar fertilizer). Pada perancangan pabrik ini ditetapkan lama operasi selama 15 tahun, dengan masa konstruksi 2 tahun, dan di mulai pada tahun 2024. Modal pabrik berasal dari 40% modal sendiri dan 60% pinjaman bank, serta dengan besaran bunga bank sebesar 8,05%, dan laju inflasi 2,84%. Berdasarkan analisa ekonomi yang dilakukan, didapatkan nilai CAPEX (Capital Expenditure) sebesar Rp 2.098.391.274.509,82 dan OPEX (Operating Expenditure) Rp 1.087.710.660.768,01 sehingga diperoleh nilai Internal Rate of Return (IRR) 18,56% (lebih dari 8,05% (bunga bank)), Net Present Value (NPV) Rp 1.565.259.095.142,02 (lebih dari 0), Break Even Point (BEP) sebesar 25,83%, dengan modal pengembalian pabrik (Pay Out Time, POT) selama 4,87 tahun. Sehingga berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka pabrik ini dinyatakan layak untuk dibangun yang dinilai dari segi teknis (terpenuhinya standar spesifikasi produk) dan segi ekonomis (IRR diatas bunga bank dan NPV di atas 0).
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The development of the industry is driven by high demand for products, leading to advancements, particularly in the chemical industry. Indonesia's natural resources have not been fully optimized, necessitating imports of certain products, including magnesium production. The primary sources of magnesium salt in Indonesia are seawater, bittern (a concentrated liquid from seawater evaporation), brine, dolomite, and magnesite (MgCO3). Bittern is a by-product of salt production, a concentrated solution with a concentration level >29º Be (Baume). This solution contains a significant amount of mineral ions, primarily Na+, Mg2+, and Cl-. A magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) plant with a capacity of 5,300 tons per year and a magnesium oxide (MgO) plant with a capacity of 35,600 tons per year are planned to be built in Sampang Regency, East Java. To achieve this target, two main process sequences are used. Firstly, Mg(OH)2 production begins with pretreatment of bittern and 48% NaOH, followed by the reaction process to produce Mg(OH)2 with a forming time of 2.5 hours. This is then followed by washing and purifying the Mg(OH)2 slurry, drying to form solid Mg(OH)2, milling, and adjusting to meet specifications. The final Mg(OH)2 slurry product formed after drying is divided with a ratio of 91.04% for further reaction through the calcination process. The remaining 8.96% is dried to produce Mg(OH)2 products with a purity of 98.16% and particle size of 80 – 120 mesh (meeting pharmaceutical standards). MgO is formed from the calcination reaction of Mg(OH)2. The resulting solids are dried to produce products meeting specification standards with a purity of 99.37% and particle size > 40 mesh (meeting fertilizer standards). The plant is designed to operate for 15 years, with a construction period of 2 years starting in 2024. The plant's capital comes from 40% equity and 60% bank loans, with a bank interest rate of 8.05% and an inflation rate of 2.84%. Based on economic analysis, the Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) amounts to Rp 2,098,391,274,509.82 and Operating Expenditure (OPEX) to Rp 1,087,710,660,768.01. This yields an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 18.56% (higher than the bank interest rate), Net Present Value (NPV) of Rp 1,565,259,095,142.02 (positive), Break Even Point (BEP) of 25.83%, and a Pay Out Time (POT) of 4.87 years. Therefore, based on these factors, the plant is deemed feasible for construction from both a technical (meeting product specification standards) and economic standpoint (IRR above the bank interest rate and positive NPV).

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Bittern, Farmasi, Pupuk, Sampang, Bittern, Pharmaceutical, Fertilizer, Sampang
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Sundari Tri Pakarti
Date Deposited:	25 Jul 2024 06:39
Last Modified:	25 Jul 2024 06:39
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/108897

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