Distribusi Kelimpahan Mikroplastik pada Kolom Air dan Ikan di Tambak Ikan Kecamatan Rungkut, Kota Surabaya

Hanan, Shella Islamay (2024) Distribusi Kelimpahan Mikroplastik pada Kolom Air dan Ikan di Tambak Ikan Kecamatan Rungkut, Kota Surabaya. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

Text (ACCESS CLOSED BY AUTHOR) 5014201095-Undergraduate_Thesis.pdf - Accepted Version Restricted to Repository staff only Download (5MB) | Request a copy

Abstract

Sampah plastik yang mencemari perairan dapat mengalami degradasi hingga menjadi mikroplastik (MP) berukuran kecil. Biota pada perairan dapat tercemar MP karena tidak dapat membedakan makanan dengan MP. MP dapat terdistribusi dari permukaan air menuju sedimen dan dapat terperangkap dalam tubuh ikan. Distribusi MP pada air dapat terjadi di kolom air permukaan, tengah, dan dasar. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan distribusi, kelimpahan, ukuran, bentuk, dan warna MP pada kolom air (permukaan, tengah kedalaman, dan bawah), dan ikan di tambak. Kolom jenis polimer MP ditentukan menggunakan spektroskopi FTIR.
Parameter yang digunakan penelitian ini yaitu kelimpahan MP, salinitas, pH, dan suhu. Pengambilan sampel pada kolom air dan sedimen menggunakan teknik grab sampling. Sampel ikan diambil menggunakan teknik stratified random sampling. Sampling dilakukan pada kolam 1 (pembenihan) dan kolam 2 (pembesaran) tambak ikan budidaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan 5 titik sampling yang tersebar di 2 titik sampling pada kolam 1 dan 3 titik sampling di kolam 2. Sampel MP dilakukan ekstraksi terlebih dahulu menggunakan metode National Oceanic and Atmosphere Administration (NOAA). Identifikasi bentuk, warna, dan kelimpahan MP menggunakan mikroskop stereo “Olympus SZ61”. Pengenalan jenis polimer MP menggunakan spektroskopi Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) (Cary 630 Spektrometer).
Rata-rata kelimpahan MP pada kolom air permukaan (6,4 partikel/L), tengah (8,8 partikel/L), dan dasar (8,1 partikel/L). Mikroplastik ditemukan di sedimen ditemukan mencapai 2.205,42 partikel/kg BK (berat kering). Keberadaan MP dalam kolom air dan sedimen ini dipengaruhi oleh vertical mixing, biofouling, densitas mikroplastik, suhu, aliran air, salinitas, dan pergerakan ikan. Kelimpahan MP pada insang tertinggi di kolam 1 dengan nilai 5,2 partikel MP/g insang. Sementara itu, kelimpahan MP pada gastrointestinal tertinggi pada kolam 1 dengan nilai 0,5 partikel MP/g gastrointestinal. Kelimpahan MP pada insang lebih tinggi daripada gastrointestinal. Secara keseluruhan bentuk MP yang ditemukan yaitu fragmen, film, fiber, pellet, dan foam. MP yang ditemukan bewarna transparan, hitam, biru, kuning, merah, hijau, dan putih. MP yang ditemukan memiliki ukuran dominan kecil (0,0001-1 mm). Polimer yang ditemukan, yaitu high density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), nylon 6,6, dan acrylonitrile butadine styrene (ABS).
===================================================================================================================================
Plastic waste that pollutes water bodies can degrade into small-sized microplastics (MP). Aquatic biota can be contaminated by MPs as they cannot differentiate between food and MPs. MPs can be distributed from the water surface to the sediment and can be trapped in the bodies of fish. The distribution of MPs in water can occur in the surface, middle, and bottom water columns. This study aims to determine the distribution, abundance, size, shape, and color of MPs in the water column (surface, middle depth, and bottom), and fish in ponds. The type of MP polymer was determined using FTIR spectroscopy.
The parameters used in this study included MP abundance, salinity, pH, and temperature. Sampling of the water column and sediment was done using grab sampling techniques. Fish samples were taken using stratified random sampling techniques. Sampling was carried out at pond 1 (nursery) and pond 2 (grow-out) fish. This study used 5 sampling points, with 2 sampling points in pond 1 and 3 sampling points in pond 2. MP samples were extracted first using the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) method. Identification of MP shape, color, and abundance was done using the "Olympus SZ61" stereo microscope. The type of MP polymer was identified using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.
The average abundance of MPs in the surface water column was 6,4 MP particles/L, in the middle was 8,8 MP particles/L, and at the bottom was 8,1 MP particles/L. MPs found in the sediment reached 2.205,42 MP particles/kg dry weight. The presence of MPs in the water column and sediment is influenced by vertical mixing, biofouling, microplastic density, temperature, water flow, salinity, and fish movement. The highest abundance of MPs in gills was in pond 1 with a value of 5,2 MP particles/g of gills. Meanwhile, the highest MPs abundance was found in the gastrointestinal tract in pond 1 (0,5 MP particles/g gastrointestinal). The abundance of MPs in the gills was higher than in the gastrointestinal tract. Overall, the shapes of MPs were fragments, films, fibers, pellets, and foams. Colors of MPs were transparent, black, blue, yellow, red, green, and white. MPs were predominantly small in size (0.0001-1 mm). Polymers of the MPs included high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), nylon 6,6, and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS).

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Distribusi, Ikan, Kelimpahan, Mikroplastik, Sedimen, Abundance, Distribution, Fish, Microplastic, Sediment
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD427.P62 Microplastics--Environmental aspects.
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Shella Islamay Hanan
Date Deposited:	31 Jul 2024 08:30
Last Modified:	26 Aug 2024 06:55
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/109268

Actions (login required)

View Item