Manto, Rahma Zhafirah (2024) Penurunan Konsentrasi Gas H2S Pada Biogas Dengan Menggunakan Biofilter. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Biogas merupakan salah satu jenis sumber energi terbarukan yang mengandung berbagai gas di dalamnya seperti metana (CH4), karbondioksida (CO2), nitrogen (N2), dan hidrogen sulfida (H2S). H2S yang terkandung di dalam biogas memiliki konsentrasi yang bervariasi mulai 10 hingga 10.000 ppmv. Kandungan H2S dalam biogas tersebut harus dihilangkan dengan salah satu cara yaitu menggunakan reaktor biofilter. Penggunaan biofilter memiliki beberapa keuntungan seperti biaya operasional dan investasi yang rendah, ramah lingkungan, serta membutuhkan jumlah energi yang rendah. Pada penggunaan biofilter, gas H2S akan didegradasi oleh mikroba yang diimobilisasi pada packing material. Mikroba yang digunakan adalah bakteri pengoksidasi sulfur atau Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria (SOB). Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan biofilter dengan packing material organik dapat menurunkan konsentrasi gas H2S pada biogas. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui efisiensi penggunaan bakteri pengoksidasi sulfur S3.SOB.4 dan tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) sebagai packing material dalam penurunan konsentrasi H2S pada biogas. Pada penelitian ini, variabel yang digunakan berupa kesterilan TKKS dan kehadiran isolat bakteri pengoksidasi sulfur S3.SOB.4 pada TKKS dalam penurunan H2S menggunakan biofilter. Diharapkan variasi yang digunakan akan menunjukkan kondisi optimum yang cocok untuk diterapkan dalam penurunan konsentrasi gas H2S. Terdapat 4 perlakuan yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini yaitu TKKS steril dengan isolat bakteri, TKKS steril tanpa isolat bakteri, TKKS tidak steril dengan isolat bakteri, dan TKKS tidak steril tanpa isolat bakteri. Parameter kinerja biofilter yang diukur adalah empty bed retention time (EBRT), inlet loading rate (ILR), removal efficiency (RE), dan elimination capacity (EC). Selain itu, jumlah populasi bakteri pada TKKS diukur dengan metode total plate count (TPC). Metode scanning electron microscope – energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) juga digunakan untuk mengetahui kandungan bahan kimia pada TKKS sebelum dan sesudah pengoperasian biofilter. Dari penelitian yang dilakukan dengan TKKS sebagai media filter dan bakteri pengoksidasi sulfur Rhizobium sp. S3.SOB.4, biogas dengan konsentrasi gas H2S sebesar 50 ppm dapat diturunkan menjadi 0 ppm pada setiap perlakuan. Nilai parameter kinerja biofilter dengan EBRT 0,4 jam yang diperoleh yaitu RE tertinggi sebesar 100%, serta EC dan ILR tertinggi sebesar 0,173 g/m3/h.
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Biogas is a type of renewable energy source that contains various gases such as methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen (N2), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The H2S in biogas has concentrations varying from 10 to 10,000 ppmv. The H2S content in the biogas must be removed in one way, namely using a biofilter reactor. The use of biofilters has several advantages, such as low operational and investment costs, being environmentally friendly, and requiring a low amount of energy. When using a biofilter, H2S gas will be degraded by microbes immobilized on the packing material. The microbes used are Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacteria (SOB). Several studies have shown that biofilters with organic material packing can reduce the concentration of H2S in biogas. This research was conducted to determine the efficiency of using Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacteria (SOB) and empty fruit bunches (EFB) as packing material in reducing H2S concentrations in biogas. In this study, variables were used in the form of EFB sterility and bacterial isolates in EFB to reduce H2S using biofilters. It is hoped that the variations used will show optimum conditions suitable for reducing H2S gas concentrations. This study carried out four treatments: sterile EFB with bacterial isolates, sterile EFB without bacterial isolates, non-sterile EFB with bacterial isolates, and non-sterile TKKS without bacterial isolates. The biofilter performance measurement parameters that will be measured are empty bed retention time (EBRT), inlet loading rate (ILR), removal efficiency (RE), and elimination capacity (EC). In addition, the bacterial population in EFB will be quantified using the total plate count (TPC) method. The scanning electron microscope - energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) technique will also be employed to determine the chemical content of EFB before and after the biofilter operation. The research involving the use of Empty Fruit Bunc (EFB) as a filter medium and the bacterium Rhizobium sp. demonstrated that biogas with an H2S gas concentration of 50 ppm could be reducted to 0 ppm in each treatment. The biofilter performance parameters with EBRT of 0,4 hour obtained as follows: the highest Removal Efficiency (RE) was 100%, and the highest Elimination Capacity (EC) and Inlet Loading Rate (ILR) were 0,173 g/m3/h.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Bakteri, Biofilter, Biogas, H2S, Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit, Biofilter, Biogas, H2S, Empty Fruit Bunch, Microbes |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD171.75 Climate change mitigation T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD194.6 Environmental impact analysis T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD883 Air quality management. T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD883.5 Air--Pollution T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD887.B58 Air pollutants. Bituminous materials |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Rahma Zhafirah Manto |
| Date Deposited: | 02 Aug 2024 03:32 |
| Last Modified: | 09 Sep 2024 07:38 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/109528 |
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