Mahmud, Fahrin Ajie (2024) Analisis Kejadian Banjir dan Tanah Longsor Akibat Perubahan Tutupan Lahan dan Indeks Vegetasi dari Citra Satelit Multi Temporal (Studi Kasus: Kota Batu). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Bencana alam merujuk pada peristiwa atau serangkaian peristiwa yang menimbulkan ancaman dan gangguan terhadap kehidupan masyarakat. Bencana ini dapat disebabkan oleh faktor alam, faktor non-alam, dan campuran faktor manusia, yang mengakibatkan kerugian berupa korban jiwa, kerusakan lingkungan, kerugian harta benda, serta dampak psikologis. Bencana alam yang disebabkan campuran faktor manusia diantaranya adalah tanah longsor dan banjir. Berdasarkan data BPBD (Badan Penanggulanan Bencana Daerah) pada tahun 2023 total kejadian bencana di Indonesia berjumlah 5.400 bencana. Bencana hidrometeorologi mendominasi kejadian bencana tersebut dengan total 99,35% dari total bencana tahun 2023. Tercatat pada tahun 2023 tercatat kejadian banjir 1.255 kejadian dan tanah longsor 591 kejadian. Jumlah penduduk yang terdampak akibat kejadian bencana tersebut mencapai 8.491.288 jiwa. Dampak yang diakibatkan kejadian bencana tersebut termasuk nyawa, kesehatan, fasilitas umum, dan lingkungan. Kota Batu merupakan salah satu daerah di Provinsi Jawa Timur yang beberapa tahun terakhir sering mengalami bencana. Beberapa tahun terakhir, bencana alam di Kota Batu semakin meningkat. Berdasarkan data BPS tahun 2023 ada 10 tahun terakhir, rincian bencana alam 2013 23 kejadian tanah longsor, 2015 tiga kali bencana banjir, 62 kejadian per 31 juli 2016, 2017 ada 114 kejadian,2018 ada 95 kejadian, 2019 ada 109 kejadian, 2021 ada 152 kejadian, 2022 ada 203 kejadian, dan 2023 ada 206 kejadian. Pada kejadian tersebut, bencana alam didominasi oleh tanah longsor dan banjir, seperti tahun 2023 yang peristiwa tanah longsor berjumlah 73 peristiwa. Bencana alam yang menimpa Kota Batu, seperti tanah longsor dan banjir merupakan pertanda adanya gangguan ekosistem di wilayah tersebut. Gangguan ekosistem akibat alih fungsi lahan oleh manusia menjadi salah satu pemicu terjadinya banjir bandang di Batu. Banjir terjadi karena adanya desakan penggunaan lahan untuk pertanian maupun pemukiman. Pengaruh tekanan penduduk dalam penggunaan lahan tidak lagi sesuai dengan daya dukung lingkungan dan kemampuan lahan. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan data citra satelit multi temporal wilayah studi kasus pada tahun 2013, 2016, 2019, 2021, dan 2023. Data citra satelit multi temporal adalah beberapa data citra satelit pada satu lokasi yang masing-masing data citra memiliki waktu yang berbeda. Citra yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Landsat-8 dan Sentinel-2. Data citra satelit diolah untuk menghasilkan peta tutupan lahan dengan metode klasifikasi terbimbing maximum likelihood. Begitupula sebaran vegetasi didapatkan nilai indeks vegetasinya dengan metode Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Nilai indeks vegetasi tersebut didapatkan dengan pengolahan band 4 dan 5 pada citra Landsat-8 dan band 4 dan 8 pada citra Sentinel-2. Hasil dari pengolahan data-data tersebut kemudian dilakukan analisis secara spasio-temporal pada peta tutupan lahan agar dapat dilihat perubahan tutupan lahan dari tahun 2013 sampai tahun 2023 di Kota batu. Hal tersebut juga dilakukan pada indeks vegetasi agar dapat dilihat perubahan sebaran vegetasi dari tahun 2013 sampai 2023. Kemudian, dilakukan analisis perubahan tutupan lahan dan indeks vegetasi mempunyai hubungan dengan meningkatnya kejadian tanah longsor dan banjir di Kota Batu. Peta rawan bencana banjir dan peta rawan bencana tanah longsor dilakukan analisis pada daerah-daerah hasilnya secara spasial. Hasil perubahan tutupan lahan paling tinggi terdapat pada kelas sawah sebesar 1.045,822 ha, sedangkan penurunan yang paling tinggi adalah kebun sebesar 1.406,677 ha. Luas daerah bervegetasi pada Kota Batu mengalami penurunan yang signifikan sebesar 177,477 ha, sedangkan daerah non-vegetasi mengalami kenaikan luasan sebesar 189,291 ha. Perubahan tutupan lahan mempengaruhi bencana alam karena banyak kejadian terjadi pada daerah permukiman dan sawah. Tingkat indeks vegetasi mempengaruhi bencana alam karena banyak kejadian bencana di daerah bervegetasi rendah karena menurunnya indeks vegetasi.
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Natural disasters refer to an event or series of events that pose a threat and disruption to people's lives. These disasters can be caused by natural factors, non-natural factors, and a mixture of human factors, resulting in losses in the form of casualties, environmental damage, property losses, and psychological impacts. Natural disasters caused by a mixture of human factors include landslides and floods. Based on data from the BPBD (Regional Disaster Management Agency) in 2023 the total number of disasters in Indonesia amounted to 5,400 disasters. Hydrometeorological disasters dominated the disaster events with a total of 99.35% of the total disasters in 2023. In 2023, there were 1,255 floods and 591 landslides. The number of people affected by these disasters reached 8,491,288. The impacts caused by these disasters include life, health, public facilities, and the environment. Batu City is one of the areas in East Java Province that has experienced frequent disasters in recent years. In recent years, natural disasters in Batu City have increased. Based on BPS data in 2023 in the last 10 years, details of natural disasters in 2013 23 landslides, 2015 three floods, 62 events as of July 31, 2016, 2017 there were 114 events, 2018 there were 95 events, 2019 there were 109 events, 2021 there were 152 events, 2022 there were 203 events, and 2023 there were 206 events In these events, natural disasters were dominated by landslides and floods, such as in 2023 where landslides totaled 73 events). Natural disasters that befall Batu City, such as landslides and floods, are a sign of ecosystem disruption in the region. Ecosystem disruption due to land use change by humans is one of the triggers for flash floods in Batu. Floods occur due to the pressure of land use for agriculture and settlements. The influence of population pressure on land use is no longer in accordance with the carrying capacity of the environment and land capabilities. In this research, multi-temporal satellite image data of the case study area in 2013, 2016, 2019, 2021, and 2023 are used. Multi-temporal satellite image data is some satellite image data at one location where each image data has a different time. The images used in this study are Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2. Satellite image data is processed to produce a land cover map using the maximum likelihood guided classification method. Similarly, vegetation density is obtained using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) method. The vegetation index value is obtained by processing bands 4 and 5 on the Landsat-8 image and bands 4 and 8 on the Sentinel-2 image. The results of the data processing were then analyzed spatio-temporally on the land cover map in order to see changes in land cover from 2013 to 2023 in Batu City. This was also done on vegetation index in order to see changes in vegetation index from 2013 to 2023. Then, the changes in land cover and vegetation index were analyzed as having a relationship with the increasing incidence of landslides and floods in Batu City. Flood prone map and landslide prone map were analyzed in the result areas spatially. The highest result of land cover change is in the rice field class of 1,045.822 ha, while the highest decrease is in the garden of 1,406.677 ha. The area of vegetated areas in Batu City experienced a significant decrease of 177.477 ha, while non-vegetated areas experienced an increase in area of 189.291 ha. Land cover change affects natural disasters because many events occur in residential areas and rice fields. Vegetation index affects natural disasters because many disasters occur in low vegetation areas due to decreased vegetation density.
Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
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Uncontrolled Keywords: | Landsat-8, NDVI, Penginderaan Jauh, Remote Sensing |
Subjects: | G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > G Geography (General) > G70.212 ArcGIS. Geographic information systems. G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > G Geography (General) > G70.5.I4 Remote sensing |
Divisions: | Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Geomatics Engineering > 29202-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
Depositing User: | Fahrin Ajie Mahmud |
Date Deposited: | 29 Jul 2024 08:58 |
Last Modified: | 29 Jul 2024 08:58 |
URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/109786 |
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