Priambodo, Bayu Hanif (2024) Studi Karakteristik Fisikokimia Selulosa Berbahan Eceng Gondok Dengan Metode Organosolv-Alkali Sebagai Potensial Umpan Nitroselulosa. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Nitroselulosa (NC) adalah produk turunan biopolimer selulosa dengan aplikasi luas di bidang kesehatan, cat pelapis, dan propelan. Industri nitroselulosa terbatas dan sangat bergantung pada impor karena selulosa kapas belum dibudidayakan secara masif. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan upaya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan bahan umpan nitroselulosa dari sumber lokal. Eceng gondok dari Danau Rawa Pening, Semarang, Jawa Tengah, adalah salah satu sumber potensial dengan ketersediaan 300 kg per hari dan kandungan selulosa mencapai 26,93 ± 0,85%. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode ekstraksi selulosa organosolv yang ramah lingkungan dikombinasikan dengan proses alkali dan bleaching menggunakan pelarut etilen glikol dengan variasi katalis (0; 0,25; 0,5; 0,75; 1; dan 1,25%). Optimasi temperatur reaksi (90, 100, 110, 120, 130, dan 140°C) dilakukan pada variasi terbaik sebelumnya untuk menentukan karakteristik fisikokimia selulosa. Hasilnya menunjukkan selulosa optimum pada CWH-1,25%/110 dengan kandungan selulosa 93,20±0,18%, hemiselulosa 2,73±0,26%, lignin 2,90±0,18%, kristalinitas 62,47%, dan diameter fibril 49,929µm. Selulosa optimum ini kemudian diproses menjadi nitroselulosa dengan kandungan nitrogen 13,43%, tergolong sebagai nitroselulosa military grade dengan solubilitas dalam etil asetat 98,19% dan derajat substitusi 2,734. Karakterisasi menunjukkan kesesuaian dengan nitroselulosa komersial, dengan performa termal lebih tinggi karena kandungan nitrogen yang tinggi. Nitroselulosa hasil sintesis memiliki laju bakar 0,119 gram/detik, titik awal dekomposisi pada 180,84°C, puncak dekomposisi pada 188,80°C, dan residu 1,82%. Dengan demikian, selulosa dari eceng gondok dapat digunakan sebagai bahan umpan nitroselulosa yang berpotensi tinggi dan unggul dalam performa.
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Nitrocellulose (NC) is a cellulose biopolymer-derived product with wide applications in healthcare, paint coatings and propellants. The nitrocellulose industry is limited and highly dependent on imports as cotton cellulose has not been massively cultivated. Therefore, efforts are needed to fulfil the need for nitrocellulose feed material from local sources. Water hyacinth from Rawa Pening Lake, Semarang, Central Java, is one potential source with an availability of 300 kg per day and a cellulose content of 26.93 ± 0.85%. This study used an environmentally friendly organosolv cellulose extraction method combined with alkali and bleaching processes using ethylene glycol solvent with catalyst variations (0; 0.25; 0.5; 0.75; 1; and 1.25%). Reaction temperature optimisation (90, 100, 110, 120, 130, and 140°C) was carried out on the previous best variation to determine the physicochemical characteristics of cellulose. The results showed optimum cellulose at CWH-1.25%/110 with cellulose content of 93.20±0.18%, hemicellulose 2.73±0.26%, lignin 2.90±0.18%, crystallinity 62.47%, and fibril diameter 49.929µm. This optimum cellulose was then processed into nitrocellulose with nitrogen content of 13.43%, classified as military grade nitrocellulose with solubility in ethyl acetate of 98.19% and degree of substitution of 2.734. Characterisation showed good agreement with commercial nitrocellulose, with higher thermal performance due to the high nitrogen content. The synthesised nitrocellulose has a burn rate of 0.119 grams/second, a decomposition starting point at 180.84°C, a decomposition peak at 188.80°C, and a residue of 1.82%. Thus, cellulose from water hyacinth can be used as a nitrocellulose feed material with high potential and superior performance.
Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
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Uncontrolled Keywords: | Alkali, Eceng gondok, Nitroselulosa, Organosolv, Selulosa Alkaline, Cellulose, Nitrocellulose, Organosolv, Water hyacinth |
Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.7 Chemical processes. |
Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Material & Metallurgical Engineering > 28201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
Depositing User: | Bayu Hanif Priambodo |
Date Deposited: | 01 Aug 2024 06:05 |
Last Modified: | 17 Sep 2024 08:37 |
URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/110293 |
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