Pengaruh Variasi Asam Nitrat dan Asam Sulfat terhadap Sifat Fisik dan Sifat Kimia Nitrogliserin

Dzulfikar, Sulthan Rafi (2024) Pengaruh Variasi Asam Nitrat dan Asam Sulfat terhadap Sifat Fisik dan Sifat Kimia Nitrogliserin. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Sampai saat ini, Indonesia masih belum mampu untuk memproduksi dan mengembangkan propelan sendiri. Propelan adalah bahan energik yang dikeluarkan sebagai produk gas panas dari pembakaran untuk menghasilkan dorongan ke depan. Nitrogliserin adalah salah satu bahan dasar dari double base propellant yang dihasilkan melalui proses nitrasi gliserin dengan asam penitrasi yaitu asam nitrat dan asam sulfat. Keberhasilan dari nitrasi nitrgolisein dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor, seperti komposisi acid mixture, waktu nitrasi, dll. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh variasi asam nitrat dan asam sulfat terhadap sifat fisik dan sifat kimia nitrogliserin. Reaksi nitrasi dilakukan pada penelitian ini menggunakan campuan asam nitrat dan asam sulfat dengan variasi 10%:90%, 20%:80%, 30%:70%, 40%:60%, dan 50%:50%. Produk nitrogliserin yang dihasilkan kemudian dikarakterisasi menggunakan FTIR, kalorimetri bomb, piknometer, viskometer, stabilitas thermal, kadar nitrogen dan Yield. Pada penelitian ini, analisis spektrum FTIR menunjukkan keberhasilan nitrasi dimana terjadi penurunan gugus hidroksil dan peningkatan gugus nitro. semua variasi nitrogliserin yang disintesis memenuhi standar ini. Denistas yang dihasilkan telah memenugi standar yaitu 1,6 g/cm3. Densitas tertinggi ditemukan pada variasi campuran asam nitrat dan asam sulfat 30%:70% dengan densitas 1,508 g/cm³. Hasil ini linier dengan viskositas tertinggi yang juga ditemukan pada variasi NG 3 dengan nilai viskositas 15,96 cSt. Kadar nitrogen tertinggi ditemukan pada variasi NG 3 sebesar 16,29 wt%. Semakin tinggi kadar nitrogen, stabilitas thermal nitrogliserin cenderung menurun tetapi semua variasi nitrogliserin hasil sintesis telah memenuhi standar minimal stabilitas thermal di atas 10 menit. Panas pembakaran nitrogliserin yang memenuhi standar 1623 kkal/kg juga tercapai pada semua variasi, dengan panas pembakaran tertinggi pada variasi NG 5 sebesar 1635 kkal/kg.
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Until now, Indonesia has not been able to produce and develop its own propellant. Propellant is an energetic material that is expelled as a hot gas product of combustion to produce forward thrust. Nitroglycerin is one of the basic ingredients of double base propellant which is produced by nitrating glycerin with nitrating acids, namely nitric acid and sulfuric acid. The success of nitrgolysine nitration is influenced by many factors, such as acid mixture composition, nitration time, etc. This study aims to analyse the effect of nitric acid and sulphuric acid variations on the physical and chemical properties of nitroglycerin. The nitration reaction was carried out in this study using nitric acid and sulfuric acid with variations of 10%:90%, 20%:80%, 30%:70%, 40%:60%, and 50%:50%. The resulting nitroglycerin product was then characterised using FTIR, bomb calorimetry, pycnometer, viscometer, thermal stability, nitrogen content and yield. In this study, FTIR spectrum analysis showed successful nitration where there was a decrease in hydroxyl groups and an increase in nitro groups. all variations of nitroglycerin synthesised met this standard. The resulting density met the standard of 1.6 g/cm3. The highest density was found in the 30%:70% nitric and sulfuric acid mixture variation with a density of 1.508 g/cm³. This result is linear with the highest viscosity which is also found in the NG 3 variation with a viscosity value of 15.96 cSt. The highest nitrogen content was found in the NG 3 variation at 16.29 wt%. The higher the nitrogen content, the thermal stability of nitroglycerin tends to decrease but all variations of nitroglycerin synthesised have met the minimum standard of thermal stability above 10 minutes. The combustion heat of nitroglycerin that meets the standard of 1623 kcal/kg is also achieved in all variations, with the highest combustion heat in NG 5 variation of 1635 kcal/kg.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Asam Nitrat, Asam Sulfat, Gliserin, Nitrasi, Nitrogliserin, Nitric Acid, Sulfuric Acid, Glycerin, Nitration, Nitroglycerin.
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.7 Chemical processes.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Material & Metallurgical Engineering > 28201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Sulthan Rafi Dzulfikar
Date Deposited:	02 Aug 2024 07:51
Last Modified:	02 Aug 2024 07:51
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/110302

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