Aulia, Siti Aja (2024) Pemanfaatan Asphalt Solid Waste (ASW) Buton Limbah Ekstraksi Bitumen pada Beton. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Indonesia memiliki cadangan aspal batu buton (Asbuton) sebanyak 650 juta ton. Asbuton terdiri atas 30% bitumen dan 70% mineral. Salah satu proses pemisahan bitumen dan mineral adalah ekstraksi. Mineral (limbah) dari proses ekstraksi disebut Asphalt Solid Waste (ASW). Pemanfaatan limbah diupayakan sebanyak-banyaknya guna mencegah pencemaran lingkungan. Berdasarkan hasil uji XRD, ASW didominasi oleh Kalsium Karbonat (CaCO3). CaCO3 adalah material yang dapat digunakan sebagai pengganti sebagian Agregat Halus Alam (AHA) atau filler pada beton. ASW tidak tergolong limbah B3. Namun demikian, berdasarkan hasil uji Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH), kandungan hidrokarbon pada ASW mencapai 612 ppm. Berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah No. 22 Tahun 2021, Hidrokarbon pada limbah maksimum adalah 420 ppm. Dengan adanya ketentuan ini, hidrokarbon pada ASW harus direduksi yang dilakukan melalui suhu pembakaran yang lebih tinggi dan durasi yang lebih lama (pada proses ekstraksi). Proses ini mampu mereduksi hidrokarbon pada ASW menjadi 131 ppm. Perbedaan kandungan hidrokarbon menyebabkan ASW pada penelitian ini terdiri atas: ASW Seri I (ASW SI) dan ASW Seri II (ASW SII).
Hidrokarbon ASW harus disolidifikasi agar tidak menjadi kontaminan pada beton. Ini dilakukan melalui agregat kasar buatan (AKB). 100% ASW SI, FAS 0,7, dan semen dicampur, dicetak pada silinder, dan dihancurkan setelah 28 hari moist curing. Proses ini menghasilkan agregat kasar buatan silinder (AKBs). AKBs memiliki aus 17% dan kandungan hidrokarbon mencapai 670 ppm. Ini menunjukkan bahwa FAS yang terlalu tinggi menghasilkan keausan AKBs tidak memenuhi kriteria Agregat Kasar Alam (AKA) pada beton dan hidrokarbon masih lebih tinggi dari 420 ppm. Maka dari itu diperlukan mix design dan metode lain untuk menghasilkan AKB. 100% ASW SII, FAS 0,3, dan semen dicampur, dicetak pada cetakan paving, dipadatkan melalui UTM dengan tekanan 10 kN, dan
dihancurkan setelah 28 hari. Proses ini menghasilkan agregat kasar buatan pemadatan (AKBpav), yang memiliki aus 9% dan hidrokarbon 68 ppm. ASW disubstitusikan 0,5-2,5% menggantikan AHA dan AKB disubstitusikan 0,5-2,5%
menggantikan AKA. Seluruh variasi beton diuji workability, kuat tekan pada umur 7 dan 28 hari, dan TPH. BASW SI dan SII diuji panas hidrasi dan susut.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan substitusi ASW pada beton memerlukan peningkatan kadar superplasticizer. Proses reduksi hidrokarbon pada ASW yang dilakukan melalui suhu pembakaran yang tinggi dan durasi yang lebih lama menyebabkan perbedaan reaktivitas CaCO3. Ini memengaruhi kuat tekan BASW12,5 SI lebih tinggi 2% daripada BASW12,5 SII. CaCO3 menurunkan 2% panas hidrasi dan 4% susut pada beton. Selain solidifikasi hidrokarbon, agregat buatan dapat menurunkan 3% penyerapan air oleh CaCO3. Sehingga substitusi AKB pada beton tidak memerlukan peningkatan superplasticizer. Peningkatan 2% kuat tekan BAKBs dan BAKBpav disebabkan oleh penurunan 8% hidrokarbon dan internal curing. Serapan air yang tinggi pada agregat buatan menjadi internal curing pada beton sebab saat kondisi internal beton mengering, agregat buatan menyediakan kelembaban untuk proses hidrasi. Seluruh variasi beton substitusi ASW dan AKB aman digunakan untuk infrastruktur sebab tidak mengandung B3 dan hidrokarbon memenuhi ambang batas PP No.22 Tahun 2021.
======================================================================================================================== Indonesia has 650 milion tons of natural rock aspal Buton (Asbuton) reserves. Asbuton consists of 30% bitumen and 70% minerals. One of the processes of separating bitumen and minerals is extraction. The mineral (waste) from the extraction process is Asphalt Solid Waste (ASW). The utilization of waste is maximized to prevent environmental pollution. Based on the XRD test results, ASW is dominated by Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3). CaCO3 is a material that can be used as replacement natural fine aggregate (AHA) or as filler in concrete. ASW is not classified as hazardous waste. However, based on the Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) test results, the hydrocarbon content in ASW reached 682 ppm. Based on Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021, the maximum hydrocarbon content in waste is 460 ppm. With this regulation, hydrocarbons in ASW must be reduced, which is done through higher temperatures and longer durations (during the extraction process). This process is capable of reducing hydrocarbons in ASW to 101 ppm. The difference in hydrocarbon content caused the ASW in this study to consist of: ASW Series I (ASW SI) and ASW Series II (ASW SII). ASW hydrocarbons must be consolidated so that they do not become contaminants in the concrete. This was achieved through Artificial Coarse Aggregate (AKB). 100% ASW SI, water cement ratio (FAS) 0.7, and cement were mixed, molded into cylinders, and crushed after 28 days of moist curing. This process resulted in cylindrical artificial coarse aggregate (AKBs). The AKBs had a wear rate of 17% and a hydrocarbon content of 630 ppm. This indicates that highly FAS results in AKBs wear that does not meet the criteria for Natural Coarse Aggregate (AKA) in concrete, and hydrocarbons are still higher than 420 ppm. Therefore, mix design and other methods are needed to produce AKB. 50% SII ASW, FAS 0.3, and cement were mixed, molded in paving molds, compacted using a UTM with 10 kN of pressure, and crushed after 28 days of moist curing. This process resulted in paving artificial coarse aggregate (AKBpav), which had a wear rate of 3% and a hydrocarbon content of 612 ppm. ASW SI and SII were replaced 0.5-2.5% of AHAs volume, and AKBs and AKBpav were replaced 0.5-2.5% of AKAs volume. All concrete variations were tested for workability, compressive strength at 7 and 28 days, and TPH. BASW SI and SII were tested for heat hydration and shrinkage.The study results showed that increasing ASW substitution required higher superplasticizer levels. The reduction of hydrocarbons in ASW, carried out through high temperatures and longer durations, caused a difference in CaCO3 reactivity. This affected the compressive strength of BASW12.5 SI, which was higher by 2% compared to BASW12.5 SII. CaCO3 reduced the heat of hydration by 2% and shrinkage in concrete by 4%. In addition to hydrocarbon solidification, artificial aggregate could reduce 3% water absorption by CaCO3. Therefore, the substitution of AKB in concrete did not require an increase in superplasticizer. The 2% increase in compressive strength of BAKBs and BAKBpav was due to an 8% reduction in hydrocarbons and internal curing. The significant water absorption of artificial aggregates provided internal curing for the concrete because during drying conditions, the artificial aggregates supplied moisture for the hydration process. All variations of concrete using ASW and AKB substitution were safe for infrastructure because they did not contain hazardous materials (B3) and the hydrocarbon content met the requirements of Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Asphalt Solid Waste Buton, Agregat Kasar Buatan, internal curing, Beton ramah lingkungan, Buton Asphalt Solid Waste, Artificial Coarse Aggregate, Moist Curing, Green Concrete. |
| Subjects: | T Technology > T Technology (General) > T55.3.H3 Hazardous substances--Safety measures. T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA418.16 Materials--Testing. T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA441 Aggregates |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning > Civil Engineering > 22101-(S2) Master Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Siti Aja Aulia |
| Date Deposited: | 01 Aug 2024 01:54 |
| Last Modified: | 01 Oct 2026 04:31 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/110532 |
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