Akumulasi Mikro-Nano Plastik dan Analisis Histologi Jaringan Insang dan Saluran Gastrointestinal pada Ikan Laut dari Selat Madura

Dewi, Shinta Cahyaning (2024) Akumulasi Mikro-Nano Plastik dan Analisis Histologi Jaringan Insang dan Saluran Gastrointestinal pada Ikan Laut dari Selat Madura. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pencemaran di laut oleh plastik saat ini menjadi ancaman penting karena jumlahnya terus mengalami peningkatan dan telah diproduksi 390,7 juta ton plastik secara global pada tahun 2021. Sampah plastik dapat terurai menjadi lebih kecil atau disebut mikroplastik yang memiliki ukuran <5 mm dan menjadi lebih kecil lagi yang disebut nanoplastik dengan ukuran 1-1000 nm. Permasalahan mikro-nano plastik ini telah ditemukan di Indonesia salah satunya Selat Madura sebagai salah satu sektor perikanan dan kelautan di Jawa Timur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui dan membandingkan karakteristik fisik serta kimia mikroplastik pada gastrointestinal, insang, dan daging ikan, akumulasi mikroplastik serta distribusi nanoplastik dan kerusakan histologis jaringan insang dan usus akibat paparan mikroplastik dan nanoplastik. Karakter fisik mikroplastik diamati menggunakan mikroskop stereo dengan bantuan optilab, karakter kimia (polimer) dengan FTIR, sedangkan distribusi nanoplastik diuji dengan Particle Size Analyzer. Kelimpahan mikroplastik dari ketiga spesies ikan ditemukan paling banyak pada 5 ekor ikan belanak antara lain kelimpahan di gastrointestinal sebanyak 1081 partikel/gram, pada insang sebanyak 453 partikel/gram, dan pada daging sebanyak 5 partikel/gram. Bentuk paling dominan pada semua sampel adalah fragmen dan warna paling dominan adalah hitam. Kategori ukuran mikroplastik pada semua sampel ikan didominasi pada rentang 20-40 µm. Diameter rata-rata nanoplastik pada daging dan gastrointestinal ikan belanak serta air laut berturut-turut adalah 341,2 nm, 365,9 nm, dan 3.169,4 nm. Polimer yang didapatkan pada sampel ikan yang diuji berdasarkan bentuk fragmen dan 4 warna jumlah terbanyak ditemukan adalah High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) pada sampel fragmen coklat dan Polypropylene (PP) pada sampel fragmen hitam, biru, dan merah. Kerusakan histologi jaringan insang dan usus ikan ditemukan dari tahap I hingga II. Kerusakan jaringan terparah ditemukan pada ikan dukang untuk insang yaitu aneurisma dan usus yaitu lisis.
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Pollution in the sea from plastic is currently a significant threat as the amount continues to increase, with 390.7 million tons of plastic projected to be produced globally in 2021. Plastic waste can break down into smaller pieces known as microplastics, which are less than 5 mm in size and can become even smaller, known as nanoplastics, ranging from 1-1000 nm in size. This issue of micro-nano plastic pollution has been observed in Indonesia, specifically in the Madura Strait, a key area for fisheries and marine industries in East Java. The objective of this study is to analyze and compare the physical and chemical properties of microplastics found in the digestive tract, gills, and flesh of fish, as well as to assess the accumulation of microplastics and distribution of nanoplastics. Additionally, the research aims to investigate the histological damage caused to gill and intestinal tissues due to exposure to microplastics and nanoplastics. Physical characteristics of microplastics were examined using a stereo microscope with Optilab assistance, chemical (polymer) characteristics were analyzed with FTIR, and the distribution of nanoplastics was studied using a Particle Size Analyzer. The study revealed that the highest concentration of microplastics among three fish species was found in mullet fish, with 1081 particles/gram in the gastrointestinal tract, 453 particles/gram in the gills, and 5 particles/gram in the flesh. Fragment shapes were identified as the most dominant in all samples, with black being the most common color. The microplastic size ranged mainly between 20-40 µm in all fish samples. Nanoplastics were found to have an average diameter of 341.2 nm in the meat and gastrointestinal tract of mullet fish, and 365.9 nm in seawater, with the largest recorded at 3,169.4 nm. The polymers detected in the fish samples, identified based on fragment shape and color, included High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) in brown fragment samples and Polypropylene (PP) in black, blue, and red fragment samples. Histological damage to fish gill and intestinal tissue was found from stages I to II. The worst tissue damage was found in the dukang fish, namely aneurysms in the gills and lysis in the intestines.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Histologi, Jaringan, Mikroplastik, Nanoplastik, Histology, Microplastics, Nanoplastics, Tissue.
Subjects:	Q Science > QH Biology Q Science > QH Biology > QH541 Ecology Q Science > QH Biology > QH541.15.T68 Toxicity testing Q Science > QL Zoology
Divisions:	Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Biology > 46101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Shinta Cahyaning Dewi
Date Deposited:	08 Aug 2024 08:31
Last Modified:	08 Aug 2024 08:31
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/111662

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