Pengaruh Urban Form terhadap Fenomena Urban Heat Island di Kota Malang

Puspita, Farah Sabara Putri (2024) Pengaruh Urban Form terhadap Fenomena Urban Heat Island di Kota Malang. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan kota merupakan fenomena dinamis yang menarik perhatian individu dari perdesaan untuk bermigrasi ke kota dan menyebabkan urbanisasi yang cepat dan lonjakan jumlah penduduk di wilayah perkotaan. Pesatnya urbanisasi menyebabkan peningkatan permintaan akan lahan, yang pada gilirannya mengakibatkan konversi lahan pertanian dan lahan hijau menjadi lahan terbangun perkotaan. Dalam konteks pembangunan berkelanjutan, urban form yang diakomodasi dalam konsep Compact City menjadi perbincangan dalam upaya mengatasi masalah tersebut, meskipun ada perdebatan terkait dampaknya terhadap intensitas Urban Heat Island (UHI). UHI sendiri adalah kondisi di mana suhu di wilayah perkotaan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan wilayah sekitarnya. Penelitian terkait urban form dan UHI di Kota Malang menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan urban form yang cenderung konsentris dari pusat kota dan meluas ke arah utara berkontribusi pada fenomena UHI, dengan pulau-pulau panas terutama terkonsentrasi di bagian pusat kota dan utara kota. Namun, penelitian terkait hubungan ini masih terbatas dan perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk memahami secara komprehensif bagaimana urban form mempengaruhi UHI di Kota Malang yang pada gilirannya menjadi tujuan penelitian yang kali ini akan dilakukan oleh penulis. Untuk memenuhi tujuan tersebut, perlu dilakukan tiga tahapan, yaitu (1) menganalisis urban form di Kota Malang dengan melakukan kuantifikasi urban form pada analisis spatial metrics di mana pemilihan metriknya didasarkan pada aspek compactness, continuity, dan connectivity dari urban form; (2) menganalisis sebaran UHI di Kota Malang dengan melakukan kalkulasi Land Surface Temperature (LST) untuk kemudian dilakukan identifikasi kawasan terdampak UHI; dan (3) menganalisis pengaruh urban form terhadap fenomena UHI di Kota Malang dengan menggunakan metode analisis exploratory regression, ordinary least square (OLS), dan regresi spatial lag model. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh pada aspek compactness dan continuity urban form terhadap fenomena UHI di Kota Malang. Hal ini dibuktikan dari lolosnya metrik AI dan LSI sebagai representatif aspek compactness dan metrik COHESION sebagai representatif aspek continuity pada analisis exploratory regression. Model regresi SLM menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan urban form dengan intensitas UHI yang ditunjukkan oleh nilai metrik AI dan COHESION yang berhubungan positif dengan UHI serta nilai metrik LSI yang berhubungan negatif dengan UHI. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kekompakan dan tingkat kontinuitas dari urban form berbanding lurus dengan peningkatan UHI di Kota Malang.
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The growth and development of cities is a dynamic phenomenon that attracts individuals from rural areas to migrate to cities and leads to rapid urbanization and population surges in urban areas. Rapid urbanization causes an increase in demand for land, which in turn results in the conversion of agricultural area and green area into built-up area. In the context of sustainable development, the urban form accommodated in the Compact City concept has become a conversation to overcome these problems, although there is debate regarding its impact on the intensity of Urban Heat Island (UHI). UHI itself is a condition where the temperature in urban areas is higher than the surrounding areas. Research related to urban form and UHI in Malang City shows that the development of urban form that tends to be concentric from the city center and extends northward contributes to the UHI phenomenon, with heat islands mainly concentrated in the central and northern parts of the city. However, research related to this relationship is still limited and further research needs to be conducted to comprehensively understand how urban form affects UHI in Malang City, which in turn is the purpose of the research that the author will conduct this time. To meet these objectives, three stages need to be carried out, namely (1) identifying urban form in Malang City by quantifying urban form in spatial metrics analysis where the selection of metrics is based on the compactness, continuity, and connectivity aspects of urban form; (2) analyzing the distribution of UHI in Malang City by calculating Land Surface Temperature (LST) and then identifying UHI-affected areas; and (3) analyzing the influence of urban form on the UHI phenomenon in Malang City by using exploratory regression, ordinary least square (OLS), and spatial lag model regression analysis methods. The results showed that there was an influence on the compactness and continuity aspects of urban form on the UHI phenomenon in Malang City. This is evidenced by the passing of the AI and LSI metrics as representative of the compactness aspect and the COHESION metric as representative of the continuity aspect in the exploratory regression analysis. The SLM regression model shows that there is a relationship between urban form and UHI intensity as indicated by the AI and COHESION metric values that are positively related to UHI and the LSI metric value that is negatively related to UHI. This shows that the level of compactness and the level of continuity of the urban form is directly proportional to the increase in UHI in Malang City.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Urban Form, Spatial Metrics, UHI, Regresi Spasial Urban Form, Spatial Metrics, UHI, Spatial Regression
Subjects:	G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > G Geography (General) > G70.212 ArcGIS. Geographic information systems. G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > G Geography (General) > G70.5.I4 Remote sensing H Social Sciences > HA Statistics > HA30.6 Spatial analysis H Social Sciences > HA Statistics > HA31.3 Regression. Correlation H Social Sciences > HT Communities. Classes. Races > HT133 City and Towns. Land use,urban H Social Sciences > HT Communities. Classes. Races > HT166 City Planning--Environmental aspects
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Regional & Urban Planning > 35201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Farah Sabara Putri Puspita
Date Deposited:	05 Aug 2024 04:33
Last Modified:	05 Aug 2024 04:33
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/111704

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