Pengaruh Faktor Lingkungan terhadap Pertumbuhan Jamur Ganoderma boninense Penyebab Busuk Pangkal Batang Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

Putri, Alifia Cahyaning (2024) Pengaruh Faktor Lingkungan terhadap Pertumbuhan Jamur Ganoderma boninense Penyebab Busuk Pangkal Batang Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Indonesia merupakan negara penghasil utama kelapa sawit dan produk minyak sawit dunia. Namun, menurut Badan Pusat Statistik Nasional (BPSN), terjadi penurunan produksi kelapa sawit pada 2 tahun terakhir akibat serangan Ganoderma boninense. Jamur ini menyebabkan penyakit busuk pangkal batang (BPB). Serangan jamur ini juga bergantung pada faktor
eksternal dan internal, yang antara lain suhu, kelembaban, pH, struktur tanah, ketersediaan nutrisi termasuk sumber karbon dan nitrogen, dan respon seluler terhadap organisme antagonis, dan fungisida. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh media, suhu, pH, jamur Trichoderma spp., dan fungisida terhadap pertumbuhan jamur G. boninense. Pengaruh tersebut dapat dilihat dari diameter koloni pada cawan Petri selama 14 hari dengan interval setiap 24 jam. Media pertumbuhan terbaik untuk G. boninense adalah Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), Malt Extract Agar (MEA), Tauge Extract Agar (TEA), Lima Bean Agar (LBA), dan Ganoderma Selective Medium (GSM) dengan rata-rata secara berurutan 9 cm, 9 cm, 9 cm, 7,888 cm, dan 5,819 cm selama 14 hari. Suhu yang optimal adalah 27ºC-30ºC. Di atas suhu tersebut terjadi penghambatan dan kematian. Jamur G. boninense menunjukkan rentang pH yang luas, dimana pH optimalnya adalah pH 6. Jamur Trichoderma spp. ternyata dapat menghambat pertumbuhan jamur G. boninense dengan persentase sebesar 58% selama 14 hari inkubasi. Sedangkan fungisida Basamid 98 GR berhasil menghambat jamur G. boninense hingga 37,18% selama 3 hari masa inkubasi. Sementara fungisida Heksa 50 SC berhasil menghambat hingga 87,72% selama 6 hari masa inkubasi.
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Indonesia is the main producer of oil palms and palm oil products worldwide. However, according to the Badan Pusat Statistik Nasional (BPSN), there has been a decline in palm oil production over the past two years due to the attack of Ganoderma boninense. This fungus causes basal stem rot (BSR) disease. The attack of this fungus also depends on external and internal factors, including temperature, humidity, pH, soil structure, availability of nutrients, including carbon and nitrogen sources, and cellular responses to antagonistic organisms and fungicides. This study aims to understand the effects of media, temperature, pH, Trichoderma spp., and fungicides on the growth of G. boninense. These effects can be seen from the diameter of the colonies in Petri dishes over 14 days with an interval of 24 hours. The best growth media for G. boninense is on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), Malt Extract Agar (MEA), Tauge Extract Agar (TEA), Lima Bean Agar (LBA), and Ganoderma Selective Medium (GSM) with an
average diameter of 9 cm, 9 cm, 9 cm, 7,888 cm, and 5,819 cm, respectively, over 14 days. The optimal temperature is 27°C-30°C. Above this temperature, growth is inhibited and death occurs. G. boninense shows a wide range of pH tolerance, with an optimal pH of 6. Trichoderma spp. can inhibit the growth of G. boninense by 58% over 14 days of incubation. Meanwhile, the fungicide Basamid 98 GR successfully inhibited G. boninense by 37.18% over 3 days of incubation. The fungicide Heksa 50 SC successfully inhibited it by 87.72% over 6 days of incubation.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Busuk Pangkal Batang, Ganoderma boninense, Jamur, Kelapa Sawit, Basal Stem Rot, Fungi, Oil Palm.
Subjects:	Q Science > QH Biology Q Science > QR Microbiology
Divisions:	Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Biology > 46201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Alifia Cahyaning Putri
Date Deposited:	08 Aug 2024 12:23
Last Modified:	11 Sep 2024 01:44
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/112844

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