Uji Eksperimen Perbandingan Perfofma Mesin Diesel 4 Langkah 1 Silinder Menggunakan Bahan Bakar B100 Dari Minyak Jelantah Hasil Rumah Tangga Dan Bahan Bakar B30

Basuki, Muhammad Hidayatulloh Rochman (2024) Uji Eksperimen Perbandingan Perfofma Mesin Diesel 4 Langkah 1 Silinder Menggunakan Bahan Bakar B100 Dari Minyak Jelantah Hasil Rumah Tangga Dan Bahan Bakar B30. Diploma thesis, Insitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Biodiesel adalah alkil ester dari asam yang memiliki rantai yang panjang dengan melalui reaksi transesterifikasi minyak nabati atau reaksi esterifikasi asam lemak bebas dengan alkohol (Banerjee dan Chakraborty, 2009). Metanol adalah jenis alkohol yang sering digunakan karena harganya yang murah dan memiliki rantai alkohol yang pendek sehingga memudahkan terbentuknya biodiesel (Zeng dkk., 2017). Proses pembentukan biodiesel melalui reaksi transesterifikasi lebih baik digunakan karena kecepatan reaksi yang tinggi, suhu yang rendah, dan membutuhkan waktu yang tidak lama (Leung dkk., 2010). Reaksi transesterifikasi pembentukan biodiesel bergantung pada suhu reaksi, waktu, kecepatan pengadukan, jumlah katalis, dan perbandingan mol minyak : metanol (Banerjee dan Chakraborty, 2009).
Biodiesel dihasilkan dari proses transesterifikasi yang dibantu dengan katalis basa homogen seperti NaOH dan CH3OH. Penggunaan katalis homogen memudahkan terjadinya reaksi transesterifikasi (Duarte dkk., 2016). Penggunaan katalis basa kuat yang terlarut dalam metanol dapat membentuk persen hasil alkil ester 90-95%. Kinerja katalis NaOH lebih baik dibandingkan alkali basa yang lain karena kekuatan kebasaannya yang sangat tinggi (Laksono, 2013). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat biodiesel menggunakan minyak jelantah hasil penggorengan dari ayam goreng dengan variasi waktu. Katalis yang digunakan adalah NaOH 3 gram dari 1,7 liter massa minyak, suhu reaksi 50℃, kecepatan, dan perbandingan minyak jelantah : metanol yaitu 5:1. Hasil biodiesel ini dianalisa sifat fisika kimianya antara lain densitas, titik nyala, viskositas, dan bilangan asam. Analisa perfomansi pada mesin diesel yang dianalisis adalah nilai Brake Horse Power (BHP) Torsi, Konsumsi Bahan Bakar, BSFC, BMEP, Efisiensi Thermis dan Efisiensi.

Hasil uji properties semua bahan bakar B100 memiliki Kinematic Viscosity 5,24 cSt, Densitas 886 Kg/m3, Flash Point 163 ºC, Cetane Number 62,5 dan Nilai Kalor 39902 Kj/Kg.
Hasil dari perhitungan dengan variasi bahan bakar pada pembebanan 1000Watt menghasilkan kinerja dengan hasil : bahan bakar B100 mendapatkan daya sebesar 1467 Watt, Torsi 4,35654 N.m, BMEP 130904,497 Pa, BSFC 0,54326 Kg/Kw.h dan Efisiensi Termal 16,60742 %. Bahan bakar B30 mendapatkan daya 1471,25 Watt, Torsi 4,36131 N.m, BMEP 131048,222 Pa, BSFC 0,48938 Kg/kW.h dan Efisiensi termal 19,39326 %

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Biodiesel is an alkyl ester of long-chain acids by transesterification of vegetable oil or esterification of free fatty acids with alcohol (Banerjee and Chakraborty, 2009). Methanol is a type of alcohol that is often used because it is cheap and has a short alcohol chain, making it easier to form biodiesel (Zeng et al., 2017). The process of biodiesel formation through transesterification reaction is better used because of the high reaction speed, low temperature, and short time required (Leung et al., 2010). The transesterification reaction of biodiesel formation depends on the reaction temperature, time, stirring speed, amount of catalyst, and mole ratio of oil: methanol (Banerjee and Chakraborty, 2009).
Biodiesel is produced from the transesterification process assisted by homogeneous base catalysts such as NaOH and CH3OH. The use of homogeneous catalysts facilitates the transesterification reaction (Duarte et al., 2016). The use of strong base catalyst dissolved in methanol can form 90-95% alkyl ester yield. NaOH catalyst performance is better than other alkaline bases because of its very high basicity strength (Laksono, 2013). This research aims to make biodiesel using used cooking oil from fried chicken with time variation. The catalyst used was 3 grams of NaOH from 1.7 litres of oil mass, 50℃ reaction temperature, speed, and the ratio of used cooking oil: methanol which is 5:1. The biodiesel was analysed for its chemical physical properties including density, flash point, viscosity, and acid number. The diesel engine performance was analysed for Brake Horse Power (BHP) Torque, Fuel Consumption, BSFC, BMEP, Thermal Efficiency and Efficiency.
The results of the properties test of all B100 fuels have Kinematic Viscosity 5.24 cSt, Density 886 Kg/m3, Flash Point 163 ºC, Cetane Number 62.5 and Calorific Value 39902 Kj/Kg.
The results of calculations with fuel variations at 1000Watt loading produce performance with the results: B100 fuel gets a power of 1467 Watt, Torque 4.35654 N.m, BMEP 130904.497 Pa, BSFC 0.54326 Kg/Kw.h and Thermal Efficiency 16.60742%. B30 fuel gets 1471.25 Watts of power, 4.36131 N.m of torque, 131048.222 Pa of BMEP, 0.48938 Kg/kW.h of BSFC and 19.39326% of thermal efficiency.

Item Type: Thesis (Diploma)
Uncontrolled Keywords: Biodiesel, Uji Performa, Transesterifikasi, Efisiensi ============================================================= Biodiesel, Performance Test, Transesterification, Efficiency
Subjects: T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ785 Internal combustion engines. Spark ignition
T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ797 Diesel motor--Fuel systems--Testing.
T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ808 Renewable energy sources. Energy harvesting.
Divisions: Faculty of Vocational > Mechanical Industrial Engineering (D4)
Depositing User: Muhammad Hidayatulloh Rochman Basuki
Date Deposited: 05 Aug 2024 20:46
Last Modified: 05 Aug 2024 20:46
URI: http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/113675

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