Uji Eksperimen Kinerja Mesin Diesel Menggunakan Bahan Bakar Campuran Dex Dan Biodiesel Dari Minyak Jelanta

Kristyanto, Jordan Timotius (2024) Uji Eksperimen Kinerja Mesin Diesel Menggunakan Bahan Bakar Campuran Dex Dan Biodiesel Dari Minyak Jelanta. Diploma thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi kelayakan beberapa bahan baku biodiesel telah menentukan bahwa jenis minyak nabati yang paling layak digunakan sebagai bahan biodiesel adalah minyak goreng bekas (minyak jelantah). Minyak jelantah mempunyai kandungan asam lemak bebas yang cukup tinggi. Oleh sebab itu untuk menurunkan angka asam, pada umumnya diperlukan 2 (dua) tahap konversi minyak jelantah menjadi biodiesel, yaitu proses esterifikasi dan transesterifikasi. Untuk proses blending menggunakan bahan bakar campuran Dex dengan Minyak Jelanta menggunakan metode presentase volume B30 (30% Minyak Jelanta + 70% Dex), B50 (50% Minyak Jelanta + 50% Dex) dan B70 (70% Minyak Jelanta + 30% Dex). Kemudian dilakukan analisis kandungan biodiesel seperti flash point, density, calorific value dan viscosity. Mesin diesel bekerja dengan kecepatan maksimum yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan mesin bensin yang seringkali mempunyai kecepatan di atas 4000 rpm. Berdasarkan uraian diatas, maka metode penelitian ini menggunakan uji eksperimen dengan bahan bakar B30, B50 dan B70 campuran Dex dengan Minyak Jelanta. Untuk proses pengujiannya sendiri menggunakan metode Constant Speed Test, dimana untuk mengetahui karakteristik dengan beban yang bervariasi namun putarannya konstan.
Hasil uji properties semua bahan bakar B30 memiliki Kinematic Viscosity 6,42 mm2/s, Density 859 Kg/m3, Flash Point 93 ºC, Cetane Number 62,3 dan Lower Heating Value 44312,7 kJ/kg. Bahan Bakar B50 memiliki Kinematic Viscosity 9,96 mm2/s, Density 876 Kg/m3, Flash Point 98 ºC, Cetane Number >62,5 dan Lower Heating Value 42823,2 kJ/kg. Bahan bakar B70 memiliki Kinematic Viscosity 13,84 mm2/s, Density 891 Kg/m3, Flash Point 119 ºC, Cetane Number >62,5 dan Lower Heating Value 41455 kJ/kg.
Hasil dari perhitungan dengan variasi bahan bakar pada pembebanan 1000 Watt menghasilkan kinerja dengan hasil : bahan bakar B30 mendapatkan daya sebesar 809,1875 Watt, Torsi 2,396156013 N.m, BMEP 71,99932901 kPa, BSFC 1,208518711 Kg/kW.Jam dan Efisiensi Termal 9,96%. Bahan bakar B50 mendapatkan 805,40625 Watt, Torsi 2,387281045 N.m, BMEP 71,73265532 kPa, BSFC 1,255863344 Kg/kW.Jam dan Efisiensi Termal 9,92%. Bahan bakar B70 808,5 Watt, Torsi 2,393618663 N.m, BMEP 71,92308709 kPa, BSFC 1,330162448 Kg/kW.Jam dan Efisensi Termal 9,82 %.

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Based on the evaluation of the feasibility of several biodiesel feedstocks, it has been determined that the most feasible type of vegetable oil to use as biodiesel material is used cooking oil (used cooking oil). Used cooking oil has a high free fatty acid content. Therefore, in order to reduce the acid number, two stages of conversion of used cooking oil into biodiesel are generally required, namely esterification and transesterification processes. For the blending process, we used a mixture of dex and jelanta oil using the volume percentage method of B30 (30% Jelanta Oil + 70% Dex), B50 (50% Jelanta Oil + 50% Dex) and B70 (70% Jelanta Oil + 30% Dex). The biodiesel content such as flash point, density, calorific value and viscosity were analyzed. Diesel engines work with a lower maximum speed compared to gasoline engines which often have speeds above 4000 rpm. Based on the description above, this research method uses experimental tests with B30, B50 and B70 fuels mixed with dex and jelanta oil. For the testing process itself using the Constant Speed Test method, which is to determine the characteristics with varying loads but constant rotation.
The properties test results of all B30 fuels have Kinematic Viscosity 6.42 mm2/s, Density 859 Kg/m3, Flash Point 93 ºC, Cetane Number 62.3 and Lower Heating Value 44312.7 kJ/kg. Fuel B50 has Kinematic Viscosity 9.96 mm2/s, Density 876 Kg/m3, Flash Point 98 ºC, Cetane Number >62.5 and Lower Heating Value 42823.2 kJ/kg. B70 fuel has Kinematic Viscosity 13.84 mm2/s, Density 891 Kg/m3, Flash Point 119 ºC, Cetane Number >62.5 and Lower Heating Value 41455 kJ/kg.
The results of calculations with fuel variations at 1000 Watt loading produce performance with the results: B30 fuel gets a power of 809.1875 Watt, Torque 2.396156013 N.m, BMEP 71.99932901 kPa, BSFC 1.208518711 Kg/kW.Jam and Thermal Efficiency 9.96%. B50 fuel gets 805.40625 Watts, 2.387281045 N.m Torque, 71.73265532 kPa BMEP, 1.255863344 Kg/kW.Hour BSFC and 9.92% Thermal Efficiency. B70 fuel 808.5 Watt, Torque 2,393618663 N.m, BMEP 71,92308709 kPa, BSFC 1,330162448 Kg/kW.Jam and Thermal Efficiency 9.82%.

Item Type:	Thesis (Diploma)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Biodiesel, Transesterifikasi , Blending, Mesin diesel, Uji properties =========================================================== Biodiesel, Transesterification, Blending, Diesel engine, Properties Test
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ785 Internal combustion engines. Spark ignition T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ797 Diesel motor--Fuel systems--Testing.
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > Mechanical Industrial Engineering (D4)
Depositing User:	Jordan Timotius Kristyanto
Date Deposited:	05 Aug 2024 20:45
Last Modified:	05 Aug 2024 20:45
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/113808

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