Darmawan, Robi Fajerin (2024) Kajian Tekno Ekonomi Pemanfaatan Konversi Limbah Biomassa Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) Menjadi Listrik Melalui Metode Gasifikasi Tiga Tingkat Dan Mesin Diesel Dual Fuel Di Pulau Batam. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Kebutuhan energi yang semakin meningkat, membuat ketersediaan energi fosil juga semakin berkurang sehingga diperlukan energi alternatif yang terbarukan. Salah satu pemanfaatan energi alternatif yang saat ini sudah mulai banyak dikembangkan ialah biomassa, salah satu pengembangan biomassa menjadi energi terbarukan dapat dilakukan melalui proses gasifikasi. Gasifikasi adalah proses konversi bahan bakar padat ini biasa disebut Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) yang memiliki kadar air 32,08%, volatile solid 36,09%, kadar abu 24,42%, kandungan karbon 7,61%, dan nilai kalor 2.087% dapat diolah menjadi pelet Biomassa Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) sebagai bahan baku proses gasifikasi tiga tingkat untuk menjadi syngas sebagai bahan bakar mesin diesel untuk kelistrikan “Waste to Electric”. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan mesin diesel dengan sistem diesel dual fuel. Tujuan mesin diesel dijalankan dengan sistem dual fuel adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan bahan bakar syngas dari hasil gasifikasi dengan pelet biomassa RDFpada mesin diesel dengan sistem dual fuel. Sistem diesel dual fuel dioperasikan menggunakan dua jenis bahan bakar, yaitu bahan bakar diesel dan bahan bakar gas. Bahan bakar gas yang digunakan berupa syngas hasil gasifikasi pelet biomassa Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF). Pada proses gasifikasi dilakukan pengaturan variasi air ratio pada zona pirolisis, oksidasi, dan reduksi untuk mendapatkan hasil yang paling optimal dengan perbandingan air ratio terbaik pada 1:7:2. Perbandingan air ratio dari proses gasifikasi ini dapat menghasilkan performansi terbaik terhadap mesin diesel dengan putaran mesin stabil pada nilai 3000 rpm, tegangan rata-rata pada setiap perubahan beban yaitu 246,7 volt. Karakterisasi unjuk kerja mesin diesel sistem dual fuel dilakukan dengan pengujian mesin diesel dengan variasi pembebanan 500 watt hingga 4500 watt dengan interval kenaikan pembebanan setiap 500 watt serta variasi mass flow rate syngas dengan cara mengatur bukaan valve syngas menuju mesin diesel. Bukaan valve syngas dari gasifier yang digunakan yaitu 100%. Pengujian dengan bukaan valve syngas 100% menghasilkan rata-rata nilai temperatur mesin, temperatur gas buang dan temperatur oli yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan variasi persentase yang lain. Sedangkan saat dilakukan pengujian dengan mode single fuel dihasilkan nilai temperatur mesin, temperatur gas buang dan temperatur oli yang paling rendah pada setiap perubahan beban. Di samping itu, hasil pengujian syngas pada mesin 4500 watt dengan mode dual fuel dilakukan scalling up jika diimplementasikan pada mesin PLTD Sekupang kapasitas 4,48 MW. Dari hasil perhitungan dihasilkan nilai penghematan penggunaan solar pada mesin PLTD 4,48 MW sebesar Rp. 875.169.082 per bulan. Biaya investasi awal yaitu sebesar Rp. 11.460.452.687. Sedangkan untuk pendapatan per tahunnya sebesar Rp. 8.028.548.720,64. Sehingga didapatkan nilai Break Event Point (BEP) selama kurang 2 tahun. Selain itu juga dihasilkan penurunan Nilai dekarbonisasi dengan cara pemanfaatan syngas dari biomassa RDF sebagai bahan bakar pada mesin dual fuel kapasitas 4,48 MW yang beroperasi selama 12 jam setiap hari didapatkan 1.094,27 ton CO2/tahun atau sebesar Rp. 32.828.087,26. = The increasing need for energy has also reduced the availability of fossil fuels, so that renewable alternative energy is needed. One of the uses of alternative energy that is currently being developed is biomass, one of the developments of biomass into renewable energy can be done through the gasification process. Gasification is the process of converting solid fuels, commonly called Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) which has a water content of 32.08%, volatile solids of 36.09%, ash content of 24.42%, carbon content of 7.61%, and a calorific value of 2,087% can be processed into Biomass Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) pellets as raw materials for the three-stage gasification process to become syngas as fuel for diesel engines for electricity "Waste to Electric". In this study, a diesel engine with a dual fuel diesel system was used. The purpose of the diesel engine running with a dual fuel system is to determine the effect of using syngas fuel from gasification with RDF biomass pellets on a diesel engine with a dual fuel system. The dual fuel diesel system is operated using two types of fuel, namely diesel fuel and gas fuel. The gas fuel used is syngas from the gasification of biomass pellets Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF). In the gasification process, the variation of the air ratio is adjusted in the pyrolysis, oxidation, and reduction zones to obtain the most optimal results with the best air ratio at 1:7:2. The comparison of the air ratio from this gasification process can produce the best performance for a diesel engine with a stable engine speed at 3000 rpm, an average voltage at each load change of 246.7 volts. Characterization of the performance of a dual fuel system diesel engine is carried out by testing the diesel engine with a loading variation of 500 watts to 4500 watts with an interval of increasing the loading every 500 watts and variations in the mass flow rate of syngas by adjusting the opening of the syngas valve to the diesel engine. The opening of the syngas valve from the gasifier used is 100%. Testing with a 100% syngas valve opening produces an average value of engine temperature, exhaust gas temperature and oil temperature that is higher than other percentage variations. Meanwhile, when testing with single fuel mode, the lowest engine temperature, exhaust gas temperature and oil temperature values were produced at each load change. In addition, the results of the syngas test on a 4500 watt engine with dual fuel mode were scaled up if implemented on a Sekupang PLTD engine with a capacity of 4.48 MW. From the calculation results, the value of savings in the use of diesel fuel on the 4.48 MW PLTD engine was Rp. 875,169,082 per month. The initial investment cost is Rp. 11,460,452,687. While the annual income is Rp. 8,028,548,720.64. So that the Break Event Point (BEP) value is obtained for less than 2 years. In addition, a decrease in the decarbonization value was also produced by utilizing syngas from RDF biomass as fuel on a 4.48 MW dual fuel engine operating for 12 hours every day, 1,094.27 tons of CO2/year or Rp. 32,828,087.26.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | RDF Biomass, Gasification, Syngas, Diesel Dual Fuel |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ808 Renewable energy sources. Energy harvesting. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21101-(S2) Master Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Robi Fajerin Darmawan |
| Date Deposited: | 06 Aug 2024 17:37 |
| Last Modified: | 06 Aug 2024 17:37 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/114325 |
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