Studi Numerik Pengaruh Variasi Jenis Biomassa Tongkol Jagung dan Sekam Padi Terhadap Proses Pembakaran Co-Firing pada Boiler PLTU 400MW

Sugiarto, Rara Salsabila Putri (2024) Studi Numerik Pengaruh Variasi Jenis Biomassa Tongkol Jagung dan Sekam Padi Terhadap Proses Pembakaran Co-Firing pada Boiler PLTU 400MW. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Isu pemanasan global merupakan sebuah diskursus yang perlu menjadi perhatian saat ini. Fenomena ini merupakan konsekuensi dari penggunaan bahan bakar fosil yang berlebihan sehingga meningkatnya gas rumah kaca berupa emisi seperti CO2 dan SO2. Sebanyak 44% emisi yang dihasilkan di Indonesia dihasilkan oleh PLTU. Seperti yang tertulis pada NDC (Nationally Determined Contributions) pada tahun 2020, Indonesia berkomitmen untuk menurunkan emisi dengan menerapkan co-firing yang merupakan proses penambahan biomassa sebagai campuran bahan bakar dengan batubara. Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara penghasil jagung dan padi terbsear di Dunia, sehingga biomassa yang dapat digunakan adalah sisa produksi dari tanaman jagung dan padi yang berupa tongkol jagung dan sekam padi. Namun, penerapan co-firing perlu ditinjau kembali karena dapat menimbulkan fenomena slagging yang dianggap merugikan karena dapat menurunkan efisiensi boiler. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui distribusi temperatur serta kecepatan aliran flue gas pada boiler, emisi gas buang, dan kecenderungan terjadinya slagging pada boiler apabila co-firing diterapkan. Penelitian ini diawali dengan pemodelan 3D boiler menggunakan software SolidWork kemudian dianalisa dengan CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) menggunakan software ANSYS 2024 R1. Penelitian ini akan mensimulasikan pengaruh penerapan co-firing dengan biomassa berupa tongkol jagung dan sekam padi pada PLTU berkapasitas 400MW. Variasi rasio yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini adalah 5% biomassa 95% batubara; 7,5% biomassa 92,5%; dan 10% biomassa 90% batubara pada masing – masing jenis biomassa. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa penambahan persentase biomassa berpengaruh dalam penurunan temperatur pada daerah furnace exit. Pembakaran 100% batubara menghasilkan temperatur pada furnace exit sebesar 1193,15°. Pembakaran dengan biomassa tongkol jagung dengan persentase 5%; 7,5%; dan 10% memiliki temperatur pada furnace exit sebesar 1181,65°C; 1167,06°C; dan 1160,89°. Pembakaran dengan biomassa sekam padi dengan persentase 5%; 7,5%; dan 10% memiliki temperatur pada furnace exit sebesar 1186,52°C; 1170,86°C; dan 1165,6°C. Penambahan persentase biomassa berpengaruh dalam kenaikan kecepatan aliran flue gas pada boiler. Selain itu, penambahan persentase mampu menurunkan gas buang berupa CO, O2 dan SO2 namun meningkatkan gas buang berupa CO2. Penggunaan biomassa dengan co-firing dapat menimbulkan kecenderungan terjadinya slagging pada furnace dan panel heat exchanger seperti platen SH, Final SH, Final RH, dan Primary RH. Penambahan persentase biomassa menyebabkan peningkatan kecenderungan terjadinya slag pada panel heat exchanger.
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The issue of global warming is a discourse that needs attention today. This phenomenon is a consequence of excessive use of fossil fuels, leading to an increase in greenhouse gases such as CO2 and SO2. In Indonesia, 44% of emissions are produced by coal-fired power plants (PLTU). As stated in the 2020 Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC), Indonesia is committed to reducing emissions by implementing co-firing, which involves adding biomass as a fuel mixture with coal. Indonesia, being one of the largest producers of corn and rice in the world, can use biomass from corn cobs and rice husks, which are byproducts of corn and rice production. However, the implementation of co-firing needs to be reviewed as it can lead to slagging, which is considered detrimental because it can decrease boiler efficiency. This research aims to determine the temperature distribution and flue gas flow velocity in the boiler, exhaust gas emissions, and the tendency of slagging in the boiler if co-firing is applied. The research begins with 3D modeling of the boiler using SolidWorks software and then analyzed with CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) using ANSYS 2024 R1 software. This study will simulate the impact of co-firing with biomass in the form of corn cobs and rice husks on a 400MW PLTU. The variations in the ratio used in this study are 5% biomass 95% coal; 7.5% biomass 92.5% coal; and 10% biomass 90% coal for each type of biomass. The simulation results show that increasing the percentage of biomass affects the temperature reduction in the furnace exit area. Combustion with 100% coal produces a furnace exit temperature of 1193.15°C. Combustion with corn cob biomass at 5%; 7.5%; and 10% has furnace exit temperatures of 1181.65°C; 1167.06°C; and 1160.89°C, respectively. Combustion with rice husk biomass at 5%; 7.5%; and 10% has furnace exit temperatures of 1186.52°C; 1170.86°C; and 1165.6°C, respectively. Increasing the biomass percentage also affects the increase in flue gas flow velocity in the boiler. Additionally, increasing the biomass percentage reduces exhaust gases such as CO, O2, and SO2 but increases CO2 emissions. The use of biomass with co-firing can lead to slagging tendencies in the furnace and heat exchanger panels such as platen SH, Final SH, Final RH, and Primary RH. Increasing the biomass percentage increases the tendency for slagging on the heat exchanger panels.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Co-Firing, Corn Cob, Rice Husk, Slagging, Co-Firing, Tongkol Jagung, Sekam Padi, Slagging
Subjects:	T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA357 Computational fluid dynamics. Fluid Mechanics T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ164 Power plants--Design and construction T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ254.7 Combustion chambers T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ263 Heat exchangers T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ263.5 Boilers (general)
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Rara Salsabila Putri Sugiarto
Date Deposited:	12 Aug 2024 01:18
Last Modified:	12 Aug 2024 01:18
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/114346

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