Produksi Hydrochar dari Sludge Industri Minyak Goreng dan Oleochemical dengan Metode Co-Hydrothermal Carbonization

Maharani, Diva Lathifa (2024) Produksi Hydrochar dari Sludge Industri Minyak Goreng dan Oleochemical dengan Metode Co-Hydrothermal Carbonization. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Instalasi pengolahan limbah cair pada industri minyak goreng dan oleokimia, menghasilkan lumpur (sludge) dalam jumlah besar. Sludge mempunyai bau yang tidak sedap dan kandungan air yang relatif tinggi (43,14%), hal ini disebabkan oleh minyak yang terdispersi dalam sludge. Sludge tersebut hingga saat ini belum dimanfaatkan sehingga menimbulkan masalah lingkungan. Sludge mengandung nilai kalori yang tinggi sebesar 25,34 MJ/Kg dan tidak mengandung logam berat. Penelitian ini menyelidiki penggunaan sludge menjadi hydrochar sebagai bakan bakar pengganti batubara melaui metode hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), dengan fokus pada peningkatan karbon dan nilai kalori dalam hydrochar. Dalam meningkatkan nilai kalori dan karbon dapat dengan penambahan biomassa berupa Tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dan Cangkang sawit (CS), penambahan katalis Asam Sitrat, serta memerhatikan pengaruh rasio padat – cair. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) dengan desain Box-Behnken (BBD) digunakan untuk mempertimbangkan variabel yang paling berpengaruh diantara rasio padat – cair (1:5 – 1:11, g/mL), rasio penambahan biomassa terhadap sludge (1:0,5 – 1:1,5, g/g), dan penambahan katalis (0,1 M – 0,5 M). Penelitian ini berhasil menghasilkan hydrochar dengan nilai kalori dan kandungan karbon sebesar 27,91 MJ/Kg dan 65,8% yang setara dengan batubara Bitumious menggunakan rasio padat – cair sebanyak 1:5 g/mL, penambahan biomassa berupa TKKS sebanyak 1:0,75 g/g dan penambahan katalis berupa asam sitrat sebanyak 0,3 M dengan proses HTC bersuhu 220°C selama 2 jam. Hydrochar yang dihasilkan memiliki energi densifikasi sebesar 1,35 dan energi recovery sebesar 98,85% dengan rasio atom O/C dan H/C sebesar 0,13 dan 0,09. Hasil RSM – BBD mengidentifikasi bahwa pengaruh rasio padat – cair dan penambahan biomassa merupakan parameter yang paling berpengaruh dibandingkan dengan penambahan katalis. Model ini memberikan kondisi operasi yang optimal untuk menghasilkan nilai kalori hydrochar 26,75 MJ/Kg yaitu ketika rasio padat – air sebanyak 1:4,65 g/mL, penambahan TKKS sebanyak 1:0,68 g/g, penambahan katalis asam sitrat sebanyak 0,28M
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Liquid waste treatment installations in the cooking oil and oleochemical industries produce large amounts of sludge. Sludge has an unpleasant odor and relatively high water content (43.14%), this is caused by the oil dispersed in the sludge. The sludge has not been utilized until now, causing environmental problems. Sludge contains a high calorific value of 25.34 MJ/Kg and does not contain heavy metals. This study investigates the use of sludge as hydrochar as a substitute for coal through the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) method, focusing on increasing carbon and calorific value in hydrochar. In increasing the calorific value and carbon, biomass can be added in the form of empty oil palm bunches (TKKS) and palm kernel shells (CS), the addition of Citric Acid catalyst, and paying attention to the effect of the solid-liquid ratio. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Box-Behnken (BBD) design was used to consider the most influential variables among the solid-liquid ratio (1:5 - 1:11, g/mL), biomass to sludge addition ratio (1:0.5 - 1:1.5, g/g), and catalyst addition (0.1 M - 0.5 M). This study successfully produced hydrochar with a calorific value and carbon content of 27.91 MJ/Kg and 65.8% which is equivalent to Bituminous coal using a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5 g/mL, biomass addition in the form of EFB as much as 1:0.75 g/g and catalyst addition in the form of citric acid as much as 0.3 M with the HTC process at a temperature of 220°C for 2 hours. The resulting hydrochar has a densification energy of 1.35 and an energy recovery of 98.85% with an O/C and H/C atomic ratio of 0.13 and 0.09. The results of RSM – BBD identified that the influence of the solid-liquid ratio and the addition of biomass were the most influential parameters compared to the addition of catalysts. This model provides optimal operating conditions to produce a hydrochar calorific value of 26.75 MJ/Kg, namely when the solid-water ratio is 1:4.65 g/mL, the addition of TKKS is 1:0.68 g/g, the addition of citric acid catalyst is 0.28M

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Biomassa, Hydrochar, Karbonisasi hidrotermal, Katalis, Sludge,Biomass, Hydrochar, Hydrothermal carbonization, Catalyst
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.7 Chemical processes. T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP248.3 Biochemical engineering. Bioprocess engineering
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Diva Lathifa Maharani
Date Deposited:	10 Aug 2024 14:10
Last Modified:	11 Sep 2024 02:52
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/115005

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