Analisa Pengaruh Kebijakan Net Zero Emissions 2060 Terhadap Sustainability Coal Mining Business Pada PT ABC

Ramadhana, Armanda Vikry (2024) Analisa Pengaruh Kebijakan Net Zero Emissions 2060 Terhadap Sustainability Coal Mining Business Pada PT ABC. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Batubara telah menjadi komoditas penting bagi Indonesia selain menjadi komoditas ekspor unggulan, Berdasarkan RUPTL 2021-2030 bauran energi nasional masih didominasi oleh batubara sebesar 36%, minyak bumi 32%, gas 16%, biodiesel 4% dan sisanya 11% adalah EBT. Komitmen untuk beralih dari batu bara menemukan kesepakatan baru, Selama KTT G7 para pemimpin negaranegara G7 sepakat untuk mengakhiri dukungan pemerintah langsung untuk proyek pembangkit listrik tenaga batu bara. Tren global untuk beralih dari batu bara dapat mengancam masa depan batu bara Indonesia. International Energy Agency (IEA) pada tahun 2021 memperkirakan bahwa permintaan batubara global akan turun sebesar 9% pada tahun 2030 dan sebesar 50% pada tahun 2050. Dalam mencapai target net zero emission (NZE) 2060 salah satu upaya pemerintah adalah retirement secara bertahap PLTU eksisting mulai dari 2030 hingga tahun 2060 oleh karena itu industri batubara menghadapi ujian besar di era NZE 2060, Strategi perusahaan di sektor ini menentukan apakah perusahaan bisa survive dalam beberapa tahun kedepan. PT ABC merupakan salah satu produsen batubara thermal terbesar di Indonesia, dimana sekitar 90% pendapatan bisnis perusahaan berasal dari penjualan batubara thermal. Diversifikasi bisnis perusahaan menjadi hal wajib dilakukan sedari dini sehingga transisi bisnis perusahaan berjalan efektif karena kehilangan sumber pendapatan utamanya. Penelitian ini akan menilai efek NZE 2060 terhadap kebijakan diversifikasi bisnis perusahaan yang dicerminkan oleh Economic Performance, yaitu satu dari tiga pilar dalam sustainability mining business. Pilar lainnya adalah Environmental dan Social Performance. Fokus penelitian ini adalah di Economic Performance dikerucutkan di earning power atau rasio profitabilitas yaitu Net Profit Margin (NPM), Return of Asset (ROA) dan Return of Equity (ROE). Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Berdasarkan kriteria yang telah ditetapkan diperoleh data sustainability report 2018-2022 dan annual report 2018-2022. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data primer yang berasal dari internal Perusahaan dan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari situs Bursa Efek Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Analisa Fundamental untuk melihat rasio likuiditas dan rasio solvabilitas, lalu Uji Pengaruh Harga Acuan Batubara Nasional (HBA) dan Newcastle Coal Index (NCI) terhadap rasio profitabilitas menggunakan Uji Lagrange Multiplier. Selanjutnya adalah melakukan time series forecasting NCI dari tahun 2023-2060, Analisa kinerja keuangan dengan NPM, ROA dan ROE lalu selanjutnya Analisa diversifikasi bisnis yang diverifikasi oleh top management. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan nilai dari Adjusted R Square sebesar 0.687916, ini menunjukkan sumbangan pengaruh variable harga acuan Newcastle Coal Index dan Harga Batubara Acuan (HBA) Nasional terhadap rasio profitabilitas seperti net profit margin (NPM), return on asset (ROA) dan return on
equity (ROE) 68,79% sedangkan sisanya 31,21% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain.
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Coal has become an important commodity for Indonesia apart from being a leading export commodity. Based on the 2021-2030 RUPTL the national energy mix is still dominated by coal at 36%, petroleum 32%, gas 16%, biodiesel 4% and the remaining 11% is EBT. Commitment to shift away from coal finds new agreement, During the G7 Summit the leaders of the G7 countries agreed to end direct government support for coal-fired power projects. The global trend to shift away from coal could threaten Indonesia's coal future. The International Energy Agency (IEA) in 2021 estimates that global coal demand will fall by 9% in 2030 and by 50% in 2050. In achieving the 2060 net zero emission (NZE) target, one of the government's efforts is to gradually retire existing PLTUs. starting from 2030 to 2060, therefore the coal industry faces a big test in the NZE 2060 era. Company strategies in this sector determine whether the company can survive in the next few years. PT ABC is one of the largest thermal coal producers in Indonesia, where around 90% of the company's business revenue comes from sales of thermal coal. Diversifying the company's business is something that must be done from an early age so that the company's business transition can be effective as it loses its main source of income. This research will assess the effect of NZE 2060 on company business diversification policies as reflected by Economic Performance, which is one of the three pillars of sustainable mining business. Another pillar is Environmental and Social Performance. The focus of this research is on Economic Performance focused on earning power or profitability ratios, namely Net Profit Margin (NPM), Return of Assets (ROA) and Return of Equity (ROE). The sampling technique uses purposive sampling technique. Based on predetermined criteria, data for the 2018-2022 sustainability report and 2018-2022 annual report were obtained. The type of data used is primary data originating from internal companies and secondary data obtained from the Indonesian Stock Exchange website. The research method used is Fundamental Analysis to look at liquidity ratios and solvency ratios, then Test the Effect of the National Coal Reference Price (HBA) and Newcastle Coal Index (NCI) on profitability ratios using the Lagrange Multiplier Test. The next step is to carry out NCI time series forecasting from 2024-2060, analyze financial performance with NPM, ROA and ROE and then analyze business diversification which is verified by top management. The research results show that based on the Adjusted R Square value of 0.687916, this shows the contribution of the Newcastle Coal Index reference price variable and the National Reference Coal Price (HBA) to profitability ratios such as net profit margin (NPM), return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) 68.79%
while the remaining 31.21% is influenced by other variables.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Batubara, Net Zero Emission, Sustainability Mining Business, Economic Performance, Net Profit Margin (NPM), Return of Asset (ROA), Return of Equity (ROE), Coal
Subjects:	K Law > K Law (General)
Divisions:	Interdisciplinary School of Management and Technology (SIMT) > 78201-System And Technology Innovation
Depositing User:	Armanda Vikry Ramadhana
Date Deposited:	30 Oct 2024 01:09
Last Modified:	30 Oct 2024 01:09
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/115775

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